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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1745-1753, Vol. 71, No. 4
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1745-1753.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Optimization of Cholesterol Removal by Probiotics in the Presence of Prebiotics by Using a Response Surface Method

M. T. Liong and N. P. Shah^*

School of Molecular Sciences, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Received 11 May 2004/ Accepted 1 October 2004

Lactobacillus casei ASCC 292 was grown in the presence of six prebiotics, namely, sorbitol, mannitol, maltodextrin, high-amylose maize, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and inulin, in order to determine the combination of probiotic and prebiotics that would remove the highest level of cholesterol. A first-order model showed that the combination of L. casei ASCC 292, FOS, and maltodextrin was the most efficient for the removal of cholesterol, and the optimum experimental region was developed by using the steepest ascent. This led to the middle points of probiotic (1.70% [wt/vol]), FOS (4.80% [wt/vol]), and maltodextrin (6.80% [wt/vol]) for the development of a central composite design for optimization. Perturbation plot, response surface, and coefficient estimates showed that all three factors had significant quadratic effects on cholesterol removal, with FOS showing the most conspicuous quadratic change. A second-order polynomial regression model estimated that the optimum condition of the factors for cholesterol removal by L. casei ASCC 292 is 1.71% (wt/vol) probiotic, 4.95% (wt/vol) FOS, and 6.62% (wt/vol) maltodextrin. Validation experiments showed that the predicted optimum conditions were more efficient than the high and low levels of the factors and the center points. A response surface method proved reliable for developing the model, optimizing factors, and analyzing interaction effects. Analyses of growth, substrate utilization, growth yield, mean doubling time, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by the use of quadratic models indicated that cholesterol removal was growth associated. The concentration of L. casei ASCC 292 had the most significant quadratic effect on all responses studied, except for substrate utilization and SCFA production, which were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the interactions between the probiotic and both prebiotics, indicating that they were closely associated with the uptake of prebiotics.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Molecular Sciences, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne City Mail Centre, Victoria 8001, Australia. Phone: 61-3-9216-8289. Fax: 61-3-9216-8284. E-mail: nagendra.shah{at}vu.edu.au.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1745-1753, Vol. 71, No. 4
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1745-1753.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Liong, M. T., Shah, N. P. (2006). Effects of a Lactobacillus casei Synbiotic on Serum Lipoprotein, Intestinal Microflora, and Organic Acids in Rats. J DAIRY SCI 89: 1390-1399 [Abstract] [Full Text]