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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1915-1922, Vol. 71, No. 4
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1915-1922.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Formation of trans Fatty Acids Is Not Involved in Growth-Linked Membrane Adaptation of Pseudomonas putida

Claus Härtig,* Norbert Loffhagen, and Hauke Harms

Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany

Received 28 May 2004/ Accepted 22 October 2004

Fatty acid compositions in growing and resting cells of several strains of Pseudomonas putida (P8, NCTC 10936, and KT 2440) were studied, with a focus on alterations of the saturation degree, cis-trans isomerization, and cyclopropane formation. The fatty acid compositions of the strains were very similar under comparable growth conditions, but surprisingly, and contrary to earlier reports, trans fatty acids were not found in either exponentially growing cells or stationary-phase cells. During the transition from growth to the starvation state, cyclopropane fatty acids were preferentially formed, an increase in the saturation degree of fatty acids was observed, and larger amounts of hydroxy fatty acids were detected. A lowered saturation degree and concomitant higher membrane fluidity seemed to be optimal for substrate uptake and growth. The incubation of cells under nongrowth conditions rapidly led to the formation of trans fatty acids. We show that harvesting and sample preparation for analysis could provoke the enzyme-catalyzed formation of trans fatty acids. Freeze-thawing of resting cells and increased temperatures accelerated the formation of trans fatty acids. We demonstrate that cis-trans isomerization only occurred in cells that were subjected to an abrupt disturbance without having the possibility of adapting to the changed conditions by the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The cis-trans isomerization reaction was in competition with the cis-to-cyclopropane fatty acid conversion. The potential for the formation of trans fatty acids depended on the cyclopropane content that was already present.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Microbiology, P.O. Box 500136, 04301 Leipzig, Germany. Phone: 49 341 235 2363. Fax: 49 341 235 2247. E-mail: claus.haertig{at}ufz.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1915-1922, Vol. 71, No. 4
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1915-1922.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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