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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2005, p. 3544-3550, Vol. 71, No. 7
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3544-3550.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Long-Term Population Dynamics of Phototrophic Sulfur Bacteria in the Chemocline of Lake Cadagno, Switzerland

Mauro Tonolla,¹ Raffaele Peduzzi,¹ and Dittmar Hahn^2*

Cantonal Institute of Microbiology, Via Mirasole 22A, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland,¹ Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666²

Received 30 September 2004/ Accepted 10 January 2005

Population analyses in water samples obtained from the chemocline of crenogenic, meromictic Lake Cadagno, Switzerland, in October for the years 1994 to 2003 were studied using in situ hybridization with specific probes. During this 10-year period, large shifts in abundance between purple and green sulfur bacteria and among different populations were obtained. Purple sulfur bacteria were the numerically most prominent phototrophic sulfur bacteria in samples obtained from 1994 to 2001, when they represented between 70 and 95% of the phototrophic sulfur bacteria. All populations of purple sulfur bacteria showed large fluctuations in time with populations belonging to the genus Lamprocystis being numerically much more important than those of the genera Chromatium and Thiocystis. Green sulfur bacteria were initially represented by Chlorobium phaeobacteroides but were replaced by Chlorobium clathratiforme by the end of the study. C. clathratiforme was the only green sulfur bacterium detected during the last 2 years of the analysis, when a shift in dominance from purple sulfur bacteria to green sulfur bacteria was observed in the chemocline. At this time, numbers of purple sulfur bacteria had decreased and those of green sulfur bacteria increased by about 1 order of magnitude and C. clathratiforme represented about 95% of the phototrophic sulfur bacteria. This major change in community structure in the chemocline was accompanied by changes in profiles of turbidity and photosynthetically available radiation, as well as for sulfide concentrations and light intensity. Overall, these findings suggest that a disruption of the chemocline in 2000 may have altered environmental niches and populations in subsequent years.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Texas State University Department of Biology, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666. Phone: (512) 245-3372. Fax: (512) 245-8713. E-mail: dh49{at}txstate.edu.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2005, p. 3544-3550, Vol. 71, No. 7
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3544-3550.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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