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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2006, p. 702-712, Vol. 72, No. 1
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.702-712.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Diverse AvrPtoB Homologs from Several Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars Elicit Pto-Dependent Resistance and Have Similar Virulence Activities

Nai-Chun Lin,1,2 Robert B. Abramovitch,1,2 Young Jin Kim,1,3 and Gregory B. Martin1,2*

Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853-1801,1 Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4203,2 Division of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea3

Received 16 May 2005/ Accepted 24 October 2005

AvrPtoB is a type III effector protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that physically interacts with the tomato Pto kinase and, depending on the host genotype, either elicits or suppresses programmed cell death associated with plant immunity. We reported previously that avrPtoB-related sequences are present in diverse gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria. Here we describe characterization of avrPtoB homologs from P. syringae pv. tomato T1, PT23, and JL1065, P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, and P. syringae pv. maculicola ES4326. The avrPtoB homolog from P. syringae pv. maculicola, hopPmaL, was identified previously. The four new genes identified in this study are designated avrPtoBT1, avrPtoBPT23, avrPtoBJL1065, and avrPtoBB728a. The AvrPtoB homologs exhibit 52 to 66% amino acid identity with AvrPtoB. Transcripts of each of the avrPtoB homologs were detected in the Pseudomonas strains from which they were isolated. Proteins encoded by the homologs were detected in all strains except P. syringae pv. tomato T1, suggesting that T1 suppresses accumulation of AvrPtoBT1. All of the homologs interacted with the Pto kinase in a yeast two-hybrid system and elicited a Pto-dependent defense response when they were delivered into leaf cells by DC3000{Delta}avrPto{Delta}avrPtoB, a P. syringae pv. tomato strain with a deletion of both avrPto and avrPtoB. Like AvrPtoB, all of the homologs enhanced the ability of DC3000{Delta}avrPto{Delta}avrPtoB to form lesions on leaves of two susceptible tomato lines. With the exception of HopPmaL which lacks the C-terminal domain, all AvrPtoB homologs suppressed programmed cell death elicited by the AvrPto-Pto interaction in an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay. Thus, despite their divergent sequences, AvrPtoB homologs from diverse P. syringae pathovars have conserved avirulence and virulence activities similar to AvrPtoB activity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853-1801. Phone: (607) 254-1208. Fax: (607) 255-6695. E-mail: gbm7{at}cornell.edu

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2006, p. 702-712, Vol. 72, No. 1
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.702-712.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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