This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Supplemental material
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Behnke, A.
Right arrow Articles by Stoeck, T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Behnke, A.
Right arrow Articles by Stoeck, T.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Behnke, A.
Right arrow Articles by Stoeck, T.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2006, p. 3626-3636, Vol. 72, No. 5
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3626-3636.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Microeukaryote Community Patterns along an O2/H2S Gradient in a Supersulfidic Anoxic Fjord (Framvaren, Norway){dagger}

Anke Behnke,1 John Bunge,2 Kathryn Barger,2 Hans-Werner Breiner,1 Victoria Alla,1,{ddagger} and Thorsten Stoeck1*

Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany,1 Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 148532

Received 2 December 2005/ Accepted 4 February 2006

To resolve the fine-scale architecture of anoxic protistan communities, we conducted a cultivation-independent 18S rRNA survey in the superanoxic Framvaren Fjord in Norway. We generated three clone libraries along the steep O2/H2S gradient, using the multiple-primer approach. Of 1,100 clones analyzed, 753 proved to be high-quality protistan target sequences. These sequences were grouped into 92 phylotypes, which displayed high protistan diversity in the fjord (17 major eukaryotic phyla). Only a few were closely related to known taxa. Several sequences were dissimilar to all previously described sequences and occupied a basal position in the inferred phylogenies, suggesting that the sequences recovered were derived from novel, deeply divergent eukaryotes. We detected sequence clades with evolutionary importance (for example, clades in the euglenozoa) and clades that seem to be specifically adapted to anoxic environments, challenging the hypothesis that the global dispersal of protists is uniform. Moreover, with the detection of clones affiliated with jakobid flagellates, we present evidence that primitive descendants of early eukaryotes are present in this anoxic environment. To estimate sample coverage and phylotype richness, we used parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. The results show that although our data set is one of the largest published inventories, our sample missed a substantial proportion of the protistan diversity. Nevertheless, statistical and phylogenetic analyses of the three libraries revealed the fine-scale architecture of anoxic protistan communities, which may exhibit adaptation to different environmental conditions along the O2/H2S gradient.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Phone: 49-631-205-2502. Fax: 49-631-205-2496. E-mail: stoeck{at}rhrk.uni-kl.de.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 93950.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2006, p. 3626-3636, Vol. 72, No. 5
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3626-3636.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Feazel, L. M., Spear, J. R., Berger, A. B., Harris, J. K., Frank, D. N., Ley, R. E., Pace, N. R. (2008). Eucaryotic Diversity in a Hypersaline Microbial Mat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 329-332 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Miller, D. L., Roth, M. B. (2007). Hydrogen sulfide increases thermotolerance and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 20618-20622 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kolodziej, K., Stoeck, T. (2007). Cellular Identification of a Novel Uncultured Marine Stramenopile (MAST-12 Clade) Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequence from a Norwegian Estuary by Use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Scanning Electron Microscopy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 2718-2726 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jeon, S.-O., Bunge, J., Stoeck, T., Barger, K. J.-A., Hong, S.-H., Epstein, S. S. (2006). Synthetic statistical approach reveals a high degree of richness of microbial eukaryotes in an anoxic water column.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 6578-6583 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»