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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2006, p. 3733-3737, Vol. 72, No. 5
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3733-3737.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

SHORT REPORT

Improved Methodology for Bioremoval of Black Crusts on Historical Stone Artworks by Use of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Francesca Cappitelli,1* Elisabetta Zanardini,2 Giancarlo Ranalli,3 Emilio Mello,4 Daniele Daffonchio,1 and Claudia Sorlini1

Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan,1 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, Como,2 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso,3 Syremont, Pavia, Italy4

Received 11 January 2006/ Accepted 28 February 2006

An improved methodology to remove black crusts from stone by using Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ATCC 29579, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, is presented. The strain removed 98% of the sulfates of the crust in a 45-h treatment. Precipitation of black iron sulfide was avoided using filtration of a medium devoid of iron. Among three cell carriers, Carbogel proved to be superior to both sepiolite and Hydrobiogel-97, as it allowed an easy application of the bacteria, kept the system in a state where microbial activity was maintained, and allowed easy removal of the cells after the treatment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy. Phone: 39-0250316721. Fax: 39-0250316694. E-mail: francesca.cappitelli{at}unimi.it.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2006, p. 3733-3737, Vol. 72, No. 5
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3733-3737.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Zamarreno, D. V., Inkpen, R., May, E. (2009). Carbonate Crystals Precipitated by Freshwater Bacteria and Their Use as a Limestone Consolidant. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 5981-5990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cappitelli, F., Toniolo, L., Sansonetti, A., Gulotta, D., Ranalli, G., Zanardini, E., Sorlini, C. (2007). Advantages of Using Microbial Technology over Traditional Chemical Technology in Removal of Black Crusts from Stone Surfaces of Historical Monuments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 5671-5675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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