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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2006, p. 6169-6173, Vol. 72, No. 9
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00852-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Occurrence of 1-Glyceryl-1-myo-Inosityl Phosphate in Hyperthermophiles

Pedro Lamosa,1 Luís G. Gonçalves,1 Marta V. Rodrigues,1 Lígia O. Martins,1 Neil D. H. Raven,2 and Helena Santos1*

Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Apartado 127, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal,1 Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom2

Received 11 April 2006/ Accepted 3 July 2006

The accumulation of compatible solutes was studied in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex pyrophilus as a function of the temperature and the NaCl concentration of the growth medium. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of cell extracts revealed the presence of {alpha}- and ß-glutamate, di-mannosyl-di-myo-inositol phosphate, di-myo-inositol phosphate, and an additional compound here identified as 1-glyceryl-1-myo-inosityl phosphate. All solutes accumulated by A. pyrophilus are negatively charged at physiological pH. The intracellular levels of di-myo-inositol phosphate increased in response to supraoptimal growth temperature, while {alpha}- and ß-glutamate accumulated in response to osmotic stress, especially at growth temperatures below the optimum. The newly discovered compound, 1-glyceryl-1-myo-inosityl phosphate, appears to play a double role in osmo- and thermoprotection, since its intracellular pool increased primarily in response to a combination of osmotic and heat stresses. This work also uncovered the nature of the unknown compound, previously detected in Archaeoglobus fulgidus (L. O. Martins et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:896-902, 1997). The curious structural relationship between diglycerol phosphate (found only in Archaeoglobus species), di-myo-inositol phosphate (a canonical solute of hyperthermophiles), and the newly identified solute is highlighted. This is the first report on the occurrence of 1-glyceryl-1-myo-inosityl phosphate in living systems.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apartado 127, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal. Phone: 351 21 4469800. Fax: 351 21 4428766. E-mail: santos{at}itqb.unl.pt.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2006, p. 6169-6173, Vol. 72, No. 9
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00852-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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