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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2007, p. 4543-4549, Vol. 73, No. 14
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00049-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Bacteriophage Therapy To Reduce Salmonella Colonization of Broiler Chickens{triangledown}

R. J. Atterbury,1,{dagger}* M. A. P. Van Bergen,2,{dagger} F. Ortiz,1 M. A. Lovell,3 J. A. Harris,1 A. De Boer,2 J. A. Wagenaar,2 V. M. Allen,1 and P. A. Barrow3

Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom,1 Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands,2 Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom3

Received 9 January 2007/ Accepted 16 May 2007

Acute enteric infections caused by salmonellas remain a major public health burden worldwide. Poultry, particularly chickens, are known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. Although some progress has been made in reducing Salmonella colonization of broiler chickens by using biosecurity and antimicrobials, it still remains a considerable problem. The use of host-specific bacteriophages as a biocontrol is one possible intervention by which Salmonella colonization could be reduced. A total of 232 Salmonella bacteriophages were isolated from poultry farms, abattoirs, and wastewater in 2004 and 2005. Three phages exhibiting the broadest host ranges against Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Hadar, and Typhimurium were characterized further by determining their morphology and lytic activity in vitro. These phages were then administered in antacid suspension to birds experimentally colonized with specific Salmonella host strains. The first phage reduced S. enterica serotype Enteritidis cecal colonization by ≥4.2 log10 CFU within 24 h compared with controls. Administration of the second phage reduced S. enterica serotype Typhimurium by ≥2.19 log10 CFU within 24 h. The third bacteriophage was ineffective at reducing S. enterica serotype Hadar colonization. Bacteriophage resistance occurred at a frequency commensurate with the titer of phage being administered, with larger phage titers resulting in a greater proportion of resistant salmonellas. The selection of appropriate bacteriophages and optimization of both the timing and method of phage delivery are key factors in the successful phage-mediated control of salmonellas in broiler chickens.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (0)117 331 9016. Fax: 44 (0)117 928 9324. E-mail: Robert.Atterbury{at}bristol.ac.uk

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 May 2007.

{dagger} R.J.A. and M.A.P.V.B. contributed equally to this work.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2007, p. 4543-4549, Vol. 73, No. 14
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00049-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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