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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2007, p. 4570-4578, Vol. 73, No. 14
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00318-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Characterization of Potential Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria in Lake Ontario Embayments and Nearshore Waters{triangledown}

A. M. Hotto, M. F. Satchwell, and G. L. Boyer*

Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210

Received 8 February 2007/ Accepted 11 May 2007

The distribution and genotypic variation of potential microcystin (MC) producers along the southern and eastern shores of Lake Ontario in 2001 and 2003 were examined using a suite of PCR primers. Cyanobacterial, Microcystis sp., and Microcystis-specific toxin primer sets identified shoreline distribution of cyanobacterial DNA (in 97% of the stations) and MC synthetase genes (in 50% of the stations). Sequence analysis of a partial mcyA amplicon targeting Microcystis, Anabaena, and Planktothrix species indicated that the Microcystis sp. genotype was the dominant MC genotype present and revealed a novel Microcystis-like sequence containing a 6-bp insert. Analysis of the same samples with genus-specific mcyE primers confirmed that the Microcystis sp. genotype was the dominant potential MC producer. Genotype compositions within embayments were relatively homogenous compared to those for shoreline and tributary samples. MC concentrations along the shoreline exhibited both temporal and spatial differences as evidenced by the protein phosphatase inhibition assay, at times exceeding the World Health Organization guideline value for drinking water of 1.0 µg MC-LReq liter–1. MC genotypes are widespread along the New York State shoreline of Lake Ontario, appear to originate nearshore, and can be carried through the lake via wind and surface water current patterns.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: SUNY ESF, 1 Forestry Dr., 121 Jahn Lab, Syracuse, NY 13210. Phone: (315) 470-6825. Fax: (315) 470-6856. E-mail: glboyer{at}esf.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 May 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2007, p. 4570-4578, Vol. 73, No. 14
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00318-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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  • Allender, C. J., LeCleir, G. R., Rinta-Kanto, J. M., Small, R. L., Satchwell, M. F., Boyer, G. L., Wilhelm, S. W. (2009). Identifying the Source of Unknown Microcystin Genes and Predicting Microcystin Variants by Comparing Genes within Uncultured Cyanobacterial Cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 3598-3604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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