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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2007, p. 5284-5291, Vol. 73, No. 16
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00553-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effects of Different Animal Waste Treatment Technologies on Detection and Viability of Porcine Enteric Viruses{triangledown}

Verónica P. Costantini,1 Ana C. Azevedo,1 Xin Li,2 Mike C. Williams,2 Frederick C. Michel Jr.,3 and Linda J. Saif1*

Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691-4096,1 Department of Poultry Science and Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695,2 Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691-40963

Received 9 March 2007/ Accepted 19 June 2007

Enteric pathogens in animal waste that is not properly processed can contaminate the environment and food. The persistence of pathogens in animal waste depends upon the waste treatment technology, but little is known about persistence of porcine viruses. Our objectives were to characterize the porcine enteric viruses (porcine noroviruses [PoNoVs], porcine sapoviruses [PoSaVs], rotavirus A [RV-A], RV-B, and RV-C) in fresh feces or manure and to evaluate the effects of different candidate environmentally superior technologies (ESTs) for animal waste treatment on the detection of these viruses. Untreated manure and samples collected at different stages during and after treatment were obtained from swine farms that used conventional waste management (CWM) and five different candidate ESTs. The RNA from porcine enteric viruses was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and/or seminested PCR; PoSaV and RV-A were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell culture immunofluorescence (CCIF) and experimental inoculation of gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were used to determine RV-A/C infectivity in posttreatment samples. The PoSaV and RV-A were detected in pretreatment samples from each farm, whereas PoNoV and RV-C were detected in pretreatment feces from three of five and four of five farms using the candidate ESTs, respectively. After treatment, PoSaV RNA was detected only in the samples from the farm using CWM and not from the farms using the candidate ESTs. RV-A and RV-C RNAs were detected in four of five and three of four candidate ESTs, respectively, after treatment, but infectious particles were not detected by CCIF, nor were clinical signs or seroconversion detected in inoculated Gn pigs. These results indicate that only RV-A/C RNA, but no viral infectivity, was detected after treatment. Our findings address a public health concern regarding environmental quality surrounding swine production units.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096. Phone: (330) 263-3744. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail: saif.2{at}osu.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 29 June 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2007, p. 5284-5291, Vol. 73, No. 16
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00553-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Wong, K., Xagoraraki, I., Wallace, J., Bickert, W., Srinivasan, S., Rose, J. B. (2009). Removal of Viruses and Indicators by Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Treating Animal Waste. J. Environ. Qual. 38: 1694-1699 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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