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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2007, p. 5679-5682, Vol. 73, No. 17
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00083-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chlorine Sensitivity of Feline Calicivirus, a Norovirus Surrogate{triangledown}

Hiroshi Urakami,1* Kumiko Ikarashi,1 Ko Okamoto,1 Yukari Abe,1,{dagger} Tamami Ikarashi,1,§ Takeshi Kono,2 Yukifumi Konagaya,1 and Nobumasa Tanaka1

College of Applied Life Sciences,1 School of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS), Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan2

Received 13 January 2007/ Accepted 27 June 2007

The sensitivity to free chlorine of feline calicivirus (FCV), a norovirus surrogate, was examined relative to chlorine demand. When a crude suspension of FCV was treated with a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 10 µg/ml free chlorine, the extent of the decrease of viral infectivity clearly depended on the volume of the reaction mixture. The apparent sensitivity of FCV to free chlorine increased with the reduction of host cell debris, indicating that chlorine demand must be minimized to know the true sensitivity of the virus. We therefore partially purified the viruses from the host cell components and found that the infectivity of FCV was reduced by more than log 4.6 by 5 min of treatment with 300 ng/ml free chlorine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Food Science, School of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS), 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan. Phone: 81(250) 25-5148. Fax: 81(250) 25-5021. E-mail: urakami{at}nupals.ac.jp

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 July 2007.

{dagger} Present address: Katayama Shokuhin Co. Ltd., Shibata, Niigata 957-0293, Japan.

§ Present address: Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2007, p. 5679-5682, Vol. 73, No. 17
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00083-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Belliot, G., Lavaux, A., Souihel, D., Agnello, D., Pothier, P. (2008). Use of Murine Norovirus as a Surrogate To Evaluate Resistance of Human Norovirus to Disinfectants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 3315-3318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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