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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2007, p. 7898-7905, Vol. 73, No. 24
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01296-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Production of Eight Different Hydride Complexes and Nitrite Release from 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Yarrowia lipolytica{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Ayrat M. Ziganshin,1,5 Robin Gerlach,1,2* Thomas Borch,3 Anatoly V. Naumov,4 and Rimma P. Naumova5

Center for Biofilm Engineering,1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717,4 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523,3 Department of Microbiology, Kazan State University, Kazan 420008, Russia5

Received 11 June 2007/ Accepted 5 October 2007

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation by the yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15 was shown to occur via two different pathways. Direct aromatic ring reduction was the predominant mechanism of TNT transformation, while nitro group reduction was observed to be a minor pathway. Although growth of Y. lipolytica AN-L15 was inhibited initially in the presence of TNT, TNT transformation was observed, indicating that the enzymes necessary for TNT reduction were present initially. Aromatic ring reduction resulted in the transient accumulation of eight different TNT-hydride complexes, which were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-visible diode array detection, and negative-mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). APCI-MS analysis revealed three different groups of TNT-hydride complexes with molecular ions at m/z 227, 228, and 230, which correspond to TNT-mono- and dihydride complexes and protonated dihydride isomers, respectively. One of the three protonated dihydride complex isomers detected appears to release nitrite in the presence of strain AN-L15. This release of nitrite is of particular interest since it can provide a pathway towards complete degradation and detoxification of TNT.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717. Phone: (406) 994-1840. Fax: (406) 994-6098. E-mail: robin_g{at}coe.montana.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 October 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2007, p. 7898-7905, Vol. 73, No. 24
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01296-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • van Dillewijn, P., Wittich, R.-M., Caballero, A., Ramos, J.-L. (2008). Type II Hydride Transferases from Different Microorganisms Yield Nitrite and Diarylamines from Polynitroaromatic Compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 6820-6823 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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