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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2007, p. 1107-1113, Vol. 73, No. 4
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02265-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Salivaricin A2 and the Novel Lantibiotic Salivaricin B Are Encoded at Adjacent Loci on a 190-Kilobase Transmissible Megaplasmid in the Oral Probiotic Strain Streptococcus salivarius K12{triangledown}

Otto Hyink,1 Philip A. Wescombe,2 Mathew Upton,1,3 Nancy Ragland,1 Jeremy P. Burton,1,2 and John R. Tagg1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand,1 BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand,2 Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom3

Received 26 September 2006/ Accepted 17 December 2006

The commercial probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 is the prototype of those S. salivarius strains that are the most strongly inhibitory in a standardized test of streptococcal bacteriocin production and has been shown to produce the 2,368-Da salivaricin A2 (SalA2) and the 2,740-Da salivaricin B (SboB) lantibiotics. The previously uncharacterized SboB belongs to the type AII class of lantibiotic bacteriocins and is encoded by an eight-gene cluster. The genetic loci encoding SalA2 and SboB in strain K12 have been fully characterized and are localized to nearly adjacent sites on pSsal-K12, a 190-kb megaplasmid. Of 61 strongly inhibitory strains of S. salivarius, 19 (31%) were positive for the sboB structural gene. All but one (strain NR) of these 19 strains were also positive for salA2, and in each of these cases of double positivity, the two loci were separated by fewer than 10 kb. This is the first report of a single streptococcus strain producing two distinct lantibiotics.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. Phone: 643 479 7714. Fax: 643 479 8540. E-mail: john.tagg{at}stonebow.otago.ac.nz.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 28 December 2006.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2007, p. 1107-1113, Vol. 73, No. 4
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02265-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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