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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2007, p. 1404-1414, Vol. 73, No. 5
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01193-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Impact of Antimicrobial Usage on Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli Strains Colonizing Broiler Chickens{triangledown}

J. L. Smith,1 D. J. V. Drum,1 Y. Dai,1 J. M. Kim,1 S. Sanchez,2 J. J. Maurer,1,3 C. L. Hofacre,1,3 and M. D. Lee1,3*

Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center,1 Athens Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,2 Center for Food Safety, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 302233

Received 23 May 2006/ Accepted 19 December 2006

Escherichia coli strains isolated from commercial broilers and an experimental flock of chickens were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance and carriage of drug resistance determinants. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of oxytetracycline, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin administration on the distribution of resistance determinants and strain types among intestinal commensal E. coli strains isolated from broiler chickens. We detected a high prevalence of resistance to drugs such as tetracycline (36 to 97%), sulfonamides (50 to 100%), and streptomycin (53 to 100%) in E. coli isolates from treated and untreated flocks. These isolates also had a high prevalence of class 1 integron carriage, and most of them possessed the streptomycin resistance cassette, aadA1. In order to investigate the contribution of E. coli strain distribution to the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the resistance determinants, isolates from each flock were DNA fingerprinted by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC) PCR. Although very diverse E. coli strain types were detected, four ERIC strain types were present on all of the commercial broiler farms, and two of the strains were also found in the experimental flocks. Each E. coli strain consisted of both susceptible and antimicrobial agent-resistant isolates. In some instances, isolates of the same E. coli strain expressed the same drug resistance patterns although they harbored different tet determinants or streptomycin resistance genes. Therefore, drug resistance patterns could not be explained solely by strain prevalence, indicating that mobile elements contributed significantly to the prevalence of resistance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602-4875. Phone: (706) 583-0797. Fax: (706) 542-5630. E-mail: leem{at}vet.uga.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 28 December 2006.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2007, p. 1404-1414, Vol. 73, No. 5
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01193-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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