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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2007, p. 2314-2323, Vol. 73, No. 7
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01986-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genetic Diversity and Potential Function of Microbial Symbionts Associated with Newly Discovered Species of Osedax Polychaete Worms{triangledown}

Shana K. Goffredi,1* Shannon B. Johnson,2 and Robert C. Vrijenhoek2

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125,1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 950392

Received 23 August 2006/ Accepted 20 January 2007

We investigated the genetic diversity of symbiotic bacteria associated with two newly discovered species of Osedax from Monterey Canyon, CA, at 1,017-m (Osedax Monterey Bay sp. 3 "rosy" [Osedax sp. MB3]) and 381-m (Osedax Monterey Bay sp. 4 "yellow collar") depths. Quantitative PCR and clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene sequences identified differences in the compositions and abundances of bacterial phylotypes associated with the newly discovered host species and permitted comparisons between adult Osedax frankpressi and juveniles that had recently colonized whalebones implanted at 2,891 m. The newly discovered Osedax species hosted Oceanospirillales symbionts that are related to Gammaproteobacteria associated with the previously described O. frankpressi and Osedax rubiplumus (S. K. Goffredi, V. J. Orphan, G. W. Rouse, L. Jahnke, T. Embaye, K. Turk, R. Lee, and R. C. Vrijenhoek, Environ. Microbiol. 7:1369-1378, 2005). In addition, Osedax sp. MB3 hosts a diverse and abundant population of additional bacteria dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria. Ultrastructural analysis of symbiont-bearing root tissues verified the enhanced microbial diversity of Osedax sp. MB3. Root tissues from the newly described host species and O. frankpressi all exhibited collagenolytic enzyme activity, which covaried positively with the abundance of symbiont DNA and negatively with mean adult size of the host species. Members of this unusual genus of bone-eating worms may form variable associations with symbiotic bacteria that allow for the observed differences in colonization and success in whale fall environments throughout the world's oceans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Environmental Science and Engineering, MC 170-25, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125. Phone: (626) 395-6496. Fax: (626) 395-2940. E-mail: goffredi{at}caltech.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 2 February 2007.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2007, p. 2314-2323, Vol. 73, No. 7
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01986-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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