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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2008, p. 375-382, Vol. 74, No. 2
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00944-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Gastroenteritis Viruses Occurring Naturally in the Stream Waters of Manaus, Central Amazônia, Brazil

Marize P. Miagostovich,¹ Fabiana F. M. Ferreira,¹ Flávia R. Guimarães,¹ Túlio M. Fumian,¹ Leonardo Diniz-Mendes,¹ Sérgio Luiz B. Luz,² Luciete A. Silva,² and José Paulo G. Leite^1*

Laboratory of Comparative Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro,¹ Biodiversity in Health, Leônidas and Maria Deane Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Manaus, Brazil²

Received 27 April 2007/ Accepted 7 November 2007

To assess the presence of the four main viruses responsible for human acute gastroenteritis in a hydrographic network impacted by a disordered urbanization process, a 1-year study was performed involving water sample collection from streams in the hydrographic basin surrounding the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Thirteen surface water sample collection sites, including different areas of human settlement characterized as urban, rural, and primary forest, located in the Tarumã-Açu, São Raimundo, Educandos, and Puraquequara microbasins, were defined with a global positioning system. At least one virus was detected in 59.6% (31/52) of the water samples analyzed, and rotavirus was the most frequent (44.2%), followed by human adenovirus (30.8%), human astrovirus (15.4%), and norovirus (5.8%). The viral contamination observed mainly in the urban streams reflected the presence of a local high-density population and indicated the gastroenteritis burden from pathogenic viruses in the water, principally due to recreational activities such as bathing. The presence of viral genomes in areas where fecal contamination was not demonstrated by bacterial indicators suggests prolonged virus persistence in aquatic environments and emphasizes the enteric virus group as the most reliable for environmental monitoring.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Av. Brasil 4.365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Phone and fax: 5521-25602921. E-mail: jpgleite{at}ioc.fiocruz.br

Published ahead of print on 7 December 2007.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2008, p. 375-382, Vol. 74, No. 2
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00944-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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