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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2008, p. 1812-1819, Vol. 74, No. 6
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02259-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genomic and Genetic Characterization of the Bile Stress Response of Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Kristi Whitehead,1 James Versalovic,2 Stefan Roos,3 and Robert A. Britton1*

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824,1 Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St., MC 1-2261, Houston, Texas 77030,2 Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden3

Received 4 October 2007/ Accepted 22 January 2008

Probiotic bacteria encounter various stresses after ingestion by the host, including exposure to the low pH in the stomach and bile in the small intestine. The probiotic microorganism Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 has previously been shown to survive in the human small intestine. To address how L. reuteri can resist bile stress, we performed microarray experiments to determine gene expression changes that occur when the organism is exposed to physiological concentrations of bile. A wide variety of genes that displayed differential expression in the presence of bile indicated that the cells were dealing with several types of stress, including cell envelope stress, protein denaturation, and DNA damage. Mutations in three genes were found to decrease the strain's ability to survive bile exposure: lr1864, a Clp chaperone; lr0085, a gene of unknown function; and lr1516, a putative esterase. Mutations in two genes that form an operon, lr1584 (a multidrug resistance transporter in the major facilitator superfamily) and lr1582 (unknown function), were found to impair the strain's ability to restart growth in the presence of bile. This study provides insight into the possible mechanisms that L. reuteri ATCC 55730 may use to survive and grow in the presence of bile in the small intestine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 6175 BPS, East Lansing, MI 48824. Phone: (517) 355-6463, ext. 1601. Fax: (517) 353-8957. E-mail: rbritton{at}msu.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 1 February 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2008, p. 1812-1819, Vol. 74, No. 6
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02259-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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