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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2009, p. 4459-4472, Vol. 75, No. 13
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02388-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Expression Is Impaired by Lactococcus lactis in Mixed Cultures ^,

Sergine Even,^1,2*, Cathy Charlier,^1,2, Sébastien Nouaille,^3,4,5 Nouri L. Ben Zakour,^1,2, Marina Cretenet,^1,2 Fabien J. Cousin,^1,2 Michel Gautier,^1,2 Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet,^3,4,5 Pascal Loubière,^3,4,5 and Yves Le Loir^1,2

INRA, UMR1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France,¹ Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France,² Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France,³ INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France,⁴ CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France⁵

Received 17 October 2008/ Accepted 16 April 2009

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for numerous food poisonings due to the production of enterotoxins by strains contaminating foodstuffs, especially dairy products. Several parameters, including interaction with antagonistic flora such as Lactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacterium widely used in the dairy industry, can modulate S. aureus proliferation and virulence expression. We developed a dedicated S. aureus microarray to investigate the effect of L. lactis on staphylococcal gene expression in mixed cultures. This microarray was used to establish the transcriptomic profile of S. aureus in mixed cultures with L. lactis in a chemically defined medium held at a constant pH (6.6). Under these conditions, L. lactis hardly affected S. aureus growth. The expression of most genes involved in the cellular machinery, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, and stress responses was only slightly modulated: a short time lag in mixed compared to pure cultures was observed. Interestingly, the induction of several virulence factors and regulators, including the agr locus, sarA, and some enterotoxins, was strongly affected. This work clearly underlines the complexity of L. lactis antagonistic potential for S. aureus and yields promising leads for investigations into nonantibiotic biocontrol of this major pathogen.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UMR1253 STLO INRA-Agrocampus Ouest, 85 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France. Phone: 33 (0) 2 23 48 59 44. Fax: 33 (0) 2 23 48 59 02. E-mail: sergine.even{at}rennes.inra.fr

Published ahead of print on 8 May 2009.

Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

S.E. and C.C. contributed equally to this work.

Present address: LBEP, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2009, p. 4459-4472, Vol. 75, No. 13
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02388-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Nouaille, S., Even, S., Charlier, C., Le Loir, Y., Cocaign-Bousquet, M., Loubiere, P. (2009). Transcriptomic Response of Lactococcus lactis in Mixed Culture with Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 4473-4482 [Abstract] [Full Text]