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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.01672-07
Copyright (c) 2007, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.

Frequency of secondary symbiont infection in an invasive psyllid relates to parasitism pressure on a geographic scale in California

Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: allison.hansen{at}email.ucr.edu.

	Abstract

Two endosymbionts, an obligate primary symbiont and facultative secondary symbiont are harbored within the invasive red gum (eucalyptus) lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei, in California. An extensive survey of diversity and frequency of G. brimblecombei's secondary symbiont was conducted in multiple populations throughout the state of California using PCR detection, restriction enzymes, cloning, and sequencing. A total of 380 G. brimblecombei individuals were screened for secondary symbionts among 19 populations. Based on molecular screening results, only one type of secondary symbiont was present among G. brimblecombei populations in California. Overall 40% of the 380 psyllids screened were infected with the SS. Interestingly, secondary symbiont infection frequencies among G. brimblecombei populations varied dramatically from 0-75%, and were significantly related to parasitism pressure by Psyllaphaegus bliteus, a solitary endoparasitoid of the psyllid.