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Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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General Microbial Ecology

Enumeration and Localization of N2-Fixing Bacteria Associated with Roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel

C. Robertson McClung, Peter van Berkum, Robert E. Davis, Charles Sloger
C. Robertson McClung
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Peter van Berkum
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Robert E. Davis
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Charles Sloger
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ABSTRACT

Numbers and possible locations of N2-fixing bacteria were investigated in roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel, which support nitrogenase activity in the undisturbed native habitat. N2-fixing bacteria were recovered in cultures both from S. alterniflora roots and from the surrounding sediment, and they formed a greater proportion of the bacteria recovered from root homogenates than from salt-marsh sediment. N2-fixing bacteria were recovered in high numbers from the rhizoplane of S. alterniflora after roots were treated with 1 or 5% chloramine-T for 1 h or with 1% NaOCl for 1 or 2 h. Immersing S. alterniflora roots in 5% NaOCl for 1 h was more effective in distinguishing bacteria inside the roots since this treatment nearly eliminated N2-fixing bacteria recoverable from the rhizoplane, although high numbers of N2-fixing bacteria were recovered from homogenates of roots treated with 5% NaOCl for 1 h. However, this treatment was less effective with roots of Zea mays L. (Funks G4646) and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (CK-60 A), indicating that techniques to surface sterilize roots should be evaluated for different plants. Bacteria were observed by light and electron microscopy inter- and intracellularly in the cortex and in the aerenchyma of S. alterniflora roots. This study clearly shows that bacteria, including N2 fixers, colonize the interior of roots of S. alterniflora growing in a Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, salt marsh.

FOOTNOTES

  • ↵† Present address: Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.

  • ↵‡ Mailing address: Nitrogen Fixation and Soybean Genetics Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.

  • Copyright © 1983, American Society for Microbiology
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Enumeration and Localization of N2-Fixing Bacteria Associated with Roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel
C. Robertson McClung, Peter van Berkum, Robert E. Davis, Charles Sloger
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 1983, 45 (6) 1914-1920; DOI:

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Enumeration and Localization of N2-Fixing Bacteria Associated with Roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel
C. Robertson McClung, Peter van Berkum, Robert E. Davis, Charles Sloger
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 1983, 45 (6) 1914-1920; DOI:
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