Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Electrophoretic karyotyping of standard S. cerevisiae YNN 295 (lane 1), species hybrids (lane 2, CID1; lane 3, S6U), two S. bayanus strains (lane 4, VKM Y-1146; lane 5, CBS 380) and a S. cerevisiae strain (lane 6, VKM Y-502).
- Fig. 2.
RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified MET2 gene fragment. Lanes 1 to 6, restriction analysis with EcoRI. Lanes 7 to 12, restriction analysis with PstI. Lanes 1 and 6, S6U; lanes 2 and 8, CID1; lanes 3 and 9, S. cerevisiae VKM Y-502; lanes 4 and 10, S. cerevisiae type strain 1171; lanes 5 and 11, S. bayanus VKM Y-1146; lanes 6 and 12, S. bayanus CBS 380. M, molecular weight marker (marker VIII from Boehringer Mannheim). Numbers and arrows are base pair markers.
- Fig. 3.
Partial nucleotide sequences of the MET2genes from S. bayanus CBS 380 type strain (Bay T) (8), S. cerevisiae S288C (Cer-S288C) (15), the S. bayanus-like allele from S6U (S6U-1) and CID1 (CID1-1), and the S. cerevisiae-like allele from S6U (S6U-2) and CID1 (CID1-2). A dot denotes an identical nucleotide.
- Fig. 4.
mtDNA isolated from S. paradoxus (lane 1), S. carlsbergensis (lane 2), CID1 (lane 3), and S6U (lane 4) was digested with HaeIII, and the resulting fragments were separated on a 1% agarose gel. Lambda DNA cut withHindIII was used as a marker (M).
- Fig. 5.
The open reading frame of the mitochondrialOLI1 gene in various yeast species. The sequences begin with the start codon, ATG, and finish with the stop codon, TAA. A dot denotes an identical nucleotide. The type strain of S. bayanus was used in this study. The accession numbers of the sequences are Y16964 (Saccharomyces sp. OLI1gene, strain CID1), Y16965 (S. bayanus OLI1 gene), andY16966 (Saccharomyces sp. OLI1 gene, strain S6U).
Tables
- Table 1.
Yeast strains used in this study
Strain Origin or sourcea Species VKM Y-502 VKM S. cerevisiae CBS 1171 CBS S. cerevisiae (type strain) CBS 380 CBS S. bayanus (type strain) VKM Y-1146 VKM S. bayanus EG8 INRA Colmar S. cerevisiae VL3c Faculté d’Oenologie de Bordeaux S. cerevisiae VL1 Faculté d’Oenologie de Bordeaux S. cerevisiae SIHA3 Darmstadt S. cerevisiae CID1 Collection of J. Hansen Species hybrid S6U Lallemand Inc. Species hybrid P3 Facultéd’Oenologie de Bordeaux S. bayanus TB28 Faculté d’Oenologie de Bordeaux S. bayanus CBS 432 CBS S. paradoxus (type strain) Y385 Collection of J. Piskur S. carlsbergensis ↵a CBS, Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, The Netherlands; VKM, National Collection of Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia; CLIB, Collection de Levures d’Intérêt Biotechnologique, Paris, France.
- Table 2.
Nucleotide divergence among the sequences of the mitochondrial OLI1 gene from various yeast speciesa
Species or hybrid strain Nucleotide divergence S. paradoxus S. cerevisiae S6U CID1 S. paradoxus S. cerevisiae 3 (1.3%) S6U 3 (1.3%) 0 (0%) CID1 6 (2.6%) 5 (2.2%) 5 (2.2%) S. bayanus 9 (3.9%) 6 (2.6%) 6 (2.6%) 5 (2.2%) ↵a The number of changes between each pair of species is shown, and the percentage of divergence is shown in parentheses. The data for S. paradoxus andS. cerevisiae are from Ooi et al. (23) and Nicoletti et al. (21). The S. bayanus strain was CBS 380.
- Table 3.
Production of β-phenylethyl alcohol and β-phenylethyl acetate by different strains of S. cerevisiae andS. bayanus and by hybrid strains
Species or type Yeast strain β-Phenylethyl alcohol (mg/liter) β-Phenylethyl acetate (mg/liter) S. cerevisiae EG8 15.6 0.63 S. cerevisiae VL3c 22.8 0.68 S. cerevisiae VL1 16.5 0.45 S. cerevisiae SIHA3 18.6 0.91 S. bayanus P3 256 12.3 S. bayanus TB28 118 1.31 Hybrid S6U 47.6 2.17 Hybrid CID1 48.3 1.61
