Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Production of crystal proteins in X. nematophilus. Crystal proteins were isolated and separated by SDS-PAGE as described in Materials and Methods. Bacteria were grown to either the mid-logarithmic phase (lanes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) or the stationary phase (lanes 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16). The inclusion body proteins derived from 109 phase I cells are shown in lanes 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, and 14. The proteins derived from 109 phase II cells are shown in lanes 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, and 12. The crystal proteins obtained from N2-4/Iv are shown in lanes 15 and 16.
- Fig. 2.
Motility on 0.5% agar. Agar plates were dried, and 1 μl of each bacterial culture was placed on the agar surface. (A) Phase I cells. Colony 1, AN6; colony 2, F1; colony 3, 19061. (B) Phase II cells. Colony 1, AN6; colony 2, F1; colony 3, 19061. (C) Strain N2-4. Colony 1, AN6/II; colony 2, N2-4/Iv; colony 3, N2-4/I.
- Fig. 3.
Electron micrographs of AN6/I (A), AN6/II (B), and AN6/II grown in the absence of added NaCl (C). (A) Bar = 2 μm. (B and C) Bar = 1 μm.
- Fig. 4.
Outer membrane proteins separated on a urea-SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The proteins produced during the mid-logarithmic phase are shown in lanes 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. The proteins produced during the stationary phase are shown in lanes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 14. The phase I cell products are shown in lanes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, and 12. The outer membrane proteins derived from phase II cells are shown in lanes 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, and the outer membrane proteins derived from N2-4/Iv are shown in lanes 13 and 14. The various outer membrane proteins are represented by A, B, S, T, N, and P.
- Fig. 5.
Cumulative production of infective juvenile nematodes grown on X. nematophilus strains. Data points represent average values from triplicate samples. The experiment was repeated twice with very similar results.
Tables
- Table 1.
Phenotypic characteristics of phase I, phase II, and variant forms ofX. nematophilus strainsa
Strain Phase Dye binding Crystal protein Antibiotics Motility OpnB Virulence Nematode production Soft agar LB medium LB medium without NaCl AN6 I B + + + + + + + + II R − − − − + − − + F1 I B + + + + + + + + II R − −/+ − − − − + + 19061 I B + + + + + + + + II R − − − + + − + + N2-4 I B + + + + + + + + Iv R + + + + + + − + ↵a B, blue; R, red; +, characteristic apparent; −, characteristic not apparent; −/+, characteristic weakly present. The assays used to determine individual characteristics are described in Materials and Methods.
- Table 2.
Pathogenicity of X. nematophilus strains: injection of bacteria into the hemocoels of fifth-instar Manduca sexta larvae
Strain Phase No. of bacteria injected Avg wt of injected Manduca sexta larvae (g) LT50(h) Mortalitya Time of death of last larvae (h) AN6 I 20 1.85 29 6/6 44 II 10 1.59 1/5 II 100 1.73 1/5 II 400 1.77 85 3/6 F1 I 250 2.00 30 4/4 30 II 280 2.09 29 4/4 30 19061 I 260 2.15 34 4/4 46 II 270 1.95 29 4/4 32 N2-4 I 250 1.87 29 5/6 34 Iv 320 1.35 1/6 ↵a Number of larvae that died/number of larvae injected.
