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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIODEGRADATION

Biodegradation of the Nitramine Explosive CL-20

Sandra Trott, Shirley F. Nishino, Jalal Hawari, Jim C. Spain
Sandra Trott
1Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida 32403
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Shirley F. Nishino
1Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida 32403
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Jalal Hawari
2Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
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Jim C. Spain
1Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida 32403
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  • For correspondence: Jim.Spain@Tyndall.af.mil
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1871-1874.2003
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  • FIG. 1.
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    FIG. 1.

    Molecular structures of the cyclic nitramine explosives RDX, HMX, and CL-20.

  • FIG. 2.
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    FIG. 2.

    CL-20 biodegradation in microcosms. Soils from Florida (A), Iowa (B), and Texas (C) were incubated with CL-20. CL-20 amounts are in nanomoles per microcosm. ▪, active soil; ▴, soil with inhibited microbial activity. Degradation experiments were performed in triplicate. d, days.

  • FIG. 3.
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    FIG. 3.

    CL-20 biodegradation in enrichments with Florida soil. ▪, active soil; ▴, soil with inhibited microbial activity. Minimal medium was supplemented with succinate (20 mM) and CL-20 (100 μM). Enrichments were performed in triplicate. d, days.

  • FIG. 4.
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    FIG. 4.

    Growth of Agrobacterium strain JS71. Aerobic cultures were grown in medium with 20 mM succinate-0.1% (vol/vol) Tween 80 with (▪) and without (□) 250 μM CL-20 as the sole nitrogen source. ▴, CL-20 concentration. The growth studies were performed in triplicate (▪) or duplicate (□). d, days.

  • FIG. 5.
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    FIG. 5.

    Growth yield of Agrobacterium strain JS71 with 20 mM succinate and different concentrations of CL-20 (▪) or NaNO2 (▴). The CL-20 cultures were supplemented with 0.1% (vol/vol) Tween 80. All growth studies were performed in duplicate.

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Biodegradation of the Nitramine Explosive CL-20
Sandra Trott, Shirley F. Nishino, Jalal Hawari, Jim C. Spain
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2003, 69 (3) 1871-1874; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1871-1874.2003

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Biodegradation of the Nitramine Explosive CL-20
Sandra Trott, Shirley F. Nishino, Jalal Hawari, Jim C. Spain
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2003, 69 (3) 1871-1874; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1871-1874.2003
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  • Top
  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • CL-20 biodegradation in soil.
    • Enrichment and isolation of the Agrobacterium strain JS71.
    • Growth studies with Agrobacterium strain JS71.
    • Nucleotide sequence accession number.
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • FOOTNOTES
    • REFERENCES
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KEYWORDS

Aniline Compounds
Nitrobenzenes
rhizobium

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