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Public Health Microbiology

Mediterranean Fruit Fly as a Potential Vector of Bacterial Pathogens

Shlomo Sela, David Nestel, Riky Pinto, Esther Nemny-Lavy, Moshe Bar-Joseph
Shlomo Sela
1Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Technology and Storage of Fresh Produce
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  • For correspondence: shlomos@volcani.agri.gov.il
David Nestel
2Department of Entomology
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Riky Pinto
1Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Technology and Storage of Fresh Produce
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Esther Nemny-Lavy
2Department of Entomology
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Moshe Bar-Joseph
3Department of Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Beth-Dagan, Israel
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4052-4056.2005
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  • FIG. 1.
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    FIG. 1.

    Acquisition of GFP-tagged E. coli by Mediterranean fruit flies exposed to contaminated feed. Flies were exposed for 24 h to a 20% sucrose solution supplemented with different numbers of tagged E. coli cells. Male and female flies were collected separately, and the number of Ampr, GFP-expressing bacteria in 20 flies was determined.

  • FIG. 2.
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    FIG. 2.

    Mediterranean fruit flies acquire E. coli from contaminated fecal material. Flies were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution or fecal material enriched with 2 × 109 CFU/ml GFP-labeled E. coli for 20 h. The numbers of labeled bacteria in males and females were determined. Flies could efficiently acquire E. coli from both the sucrose solution and fecal material in similar numbers. Bacteriological determinations were performed with batches of 10 males and 10 females per replicate (three replicates per treatment).

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    FIG. 3.

    Survival of E. coli on contaminated Mediterranean fruit flies. Flies were exposed to a sucrose solution supplemented with 4.6 × 109 CFU/ml of E. coli for 20 h. After this, a sample of 10 to 20 flies was collected each day from the cage and subjected to microbiological analysis. Day 1 refers to the 24 h after the beginning of exposure. No E. coli was detected on preexposure flies.

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    FIG. 4.

    Visualization of E. coli in the Mediterranean fruit fly by fluorescence microscopy. Flies were fed a 20% sucrose solution supplemented with 109 CFU/ml GFP-expressing E. coli. (A) Micrograph of the labelum under UV light, with bacteria clearly present in the pseudotrachea of the labelum (arrows). (B) Fine structure of the labelum with associated fluorescent bacteria at a higher magnification. Bars, 100 μm.

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  • TABLE 1.

    Presence of coliforms and E. coli in wild Mediterranean fruit fliesa

    Sampling locationEcosystem typeNo. of flies in sampleNo. of coliforms (CFU/fly)No. of E. coli (CFU/fly)b
    Beth-Dagan 1Mixed citrus orchard161.3 × 104
    Beth-Dagan 2Mixed citrus orchard234.9 × 1041.1 × 104
    Kfar-SabaHome gardens with bearing fruit trees in rural areas3
    RehovotHome gardens with bearing fruit trees in urban areas4—c—c
    • ↵ a Mediterranean fruit fly samples were obtained from different geographic locations in central Israel and different ecosystems. Flies samples were collected with McPhail traps loaded with Biolure. The traps were exposed for 2 weeks during March and April 2004.

    • ↵ b Presumptive identification as E. coli.

    • ↵ c Bacteria were detected following enrichment.

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Mediterranean Fruit Fly as a Potential Vector of Bacterial Pathogens
Shlomo Sela, David Nestel, Riky Pinto, Esther Nemny-Lavy, Moshe Bar-Joseph
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2005, 71 (7) 4052-4056; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4052-4056.2005

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Mediterranean Fruit Fly as a Potential Vector of Bacterial Pathogens
Shlomo Sela, David Nestel, Riky Pinto, Esther Nemny-Lavy, Moshe Bar-Joseph
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2005, 71 (7) 4052-4056; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4052-4056.2005
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KEYWORDS

Ceratitis capitata
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli infections
feces
insect vectors
Malus

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