Article Figures & Data
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Numbers of RNA copies and numbers of infectious particles per liter in raw sewage and treated effluent samples positive for astrovirus genogroup Aa
Sample location, date No. of RNA copies/liter of raw sewage CC-RT-PCR U/liter of raw sewageb No. of RNA copies/liter of treated effluent CC-RT-PCR U/liter of treated effluent Balaks, Dec. 1998 2.4 × 105 3.3 × 101 1.1 × 104 3.3 × 100 Balaks, Jan. 1999 2.3 × 106 3.3 × 101 3.4 × 103 3.3 × 100 Balaks, May 1999 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Nov. 1998 5.6 × 106 3.3 × 103 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Dec. 1998 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 102 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Jan. 1999 3.4 × 103 3.3 × 101 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Oct. 1999 NQ 3.3 × 101 NQ <3.3 × 100 ↵ a Reported values were determined by taking into consideration that 3-liter samples were concentrated to a final volume of 1 ml (3,000× concentration factor). NQ, nonquantifiable; the sample was positive only after Southern blot hybridization of the RT-PCR product.
↵ b The reciprocal endpoint dilution detected by CC-RT-PCR.
- TABLE 2.
Numbers of RNA copies and numbers of infectious particles per liter in raw sewage and treated effluent samples positive for astrovirus genogroup Ba
Sample location, date No. of RNA copies/liter of raw sewageb CC-RT-PCR U/liter of raw sewagec No. of RNA copies/liter of treated effluent CC-RT-PCR U/liter of treated effluent Balaks, Nov. 1998 3.8 × 105 3.3 × 103 9.9 × 104 3.3 × 102 Balaks, Jan. 1999 8.7 × 106 3.3 × 103 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 102 Balaks, May 1999 8.7 × 105 3.3 × 102 6.2 × 105 3.3 × 101 El-Berka, Nov. 1998 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 103 1.1 × 103 <3.3 × 100 El-Berka, July 1999 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 NQ <3.3 × 100 El-Berka, Aug. 1999 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 NQ <3.3 × 100 El-Berka, Sept. 1999 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 102 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Nov. 1998 9.9 × 105 3.3 × 103 1.1 × 103 <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Dec. 1998 5.4 × 106 3.3 × 105 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Jan. 1999 6.2 × 105 3.3 × 102 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Feb. 1999 3.7 × 105 3.3 × 102 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Apr. 1999 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 101 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, May 1999 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 101 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, June 1999 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, July 1999 1.1 × 104 <3.3 × 100 NQ <3.3 × 100 Zenin, Oct. 1999 1.1 × 105 3.3 × 102 1.1 × 103 <3.3 × 100 ↵ a Reported values were determined by taking into consideration that 3-liter samples were concentrated to a final volume of 1 ml (3,000× concentration factor). NQ, nonquantifiable; the sample was positive only after Southern blot hybridization of the RT-PCR product.
↵ b The actual numbers of HAstV genogroup B copies in samples that also contained HAstV genogroup A were obtained by subtracting the number of genome copies estimated with primers A1/A2 (Table 1) from the numbers of genome copies estimated with primers A1, A1bis, and A2 internal.
↵ c The reciprocal endpoint dilution detected by CC-RT-PCR.
- TABLE 3.
Mean levels of differential astrovirus genogroup removal (log10) by different treatments over the study perioda
Genogroup Primary sedimentation Primary sedimentation activated sludge Primary sedimentation activated sludge chlorination No. of RNA copies CC-RT-PCR U No. of RNA copies CC-RT-PCR U No. of RNA copies CC-RT-PCR U A 2.7 ± 1.3 1.0 ± 0.0 5.1 ± 1.6 2.5 ± 1.0 NA NA B 0.9 ± 0.9 1.0 ± 0.0 3.6 ± 2.2 2.5 ± 0.8 3.8 ± 1.2 2.5 ± 0.8 ↵ a Values are means ± standard deviations. NA, not available.
