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Public Health Microbiology

Removal of Astrovirus from Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, Evaluated by a Competitive Reverse Transcription-PCR

Waled Morsy El-Senousy, Susana Guix, Islem Abid, Rosa M. Pintó, Albert Bosch
Waled Morsy El-Senousy
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Susana Guix
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Islem Abid
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rosa M. Pintó
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Albert Bosch
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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  • For correspondence: abosch@ub.edu
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01748-06
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Tables

  • TABLE 1.

    Numbers of RNA copies and numbers of infectious particles per liter in raw sewage and treated effluent samples positive for astrovirus genogroup Aa

    Sample location, dateNo. of RNA copies/liter of raw sewageCC-RT-PCR U/liter of raw sewagebNo. of RNA copies/liter of treated effluentCC-RT-PCR U/liter of treated effluent
    Balaks, Dec. 19982.4 × 1053.3 × 1011.1 × 1043.3 × 100
    Balaks, Jan. 19992.3 × 1063.3 × 1013.4 × 1033.3 × 100
    Balaks, May 19991.1 × 104<3.3 × 100NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Nov. 19985.6 × 1063.3 × 103NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Dec. 19981.1 × 1053.3 × 102NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Jan. 19993.4 × 1033.3 × 101NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Oct. 1999NQ3.3 × 101NQ<3.3 × 100
    • ↵ a Reported values were determined by taking into consideration that 3-liter samples were concentrated to a final volume of 1 ml (3,000× concentration factor). NQ, nonquantifiable; the sample was positive only after Southern blot hybridization of the RT-PCR product.

    • ↵ b The reciprocal endpoint dilution detected by CC-RT-PCR.

  • TABLE 2.

    Numbers of RNA copies and numbers of infectious particles per liter in raw sewage and treated effluent samples positive for astrovirus genogroup Ba

    Sample location, dateNo. of RNA copies/liter of raw sewagebCC-RT-PCR U/liter of raw sewagecNo. of RNA copies/liter of treated effluentCC-RT-PCR U/liter of treated effluent
    Balaks, Nov. 19983.8 × 1053.3 × 1039.9 × 1043.3 × 102
    Balaks, Jan. 19998.7 × 1063.3 × 1031.1 × 1053.3 × 102
    Balaks, May 19998.7 × 1053.3 × 1026.2 × 1053.3 × 101
    El-Berka, Nov. 19981.1 × 1053.3 × 1031.1 × 103<3.3 × 100
    El-Berka, July 19991.1 × 104<3.3 × 100NQ<3.3 × 100
    El-Berka, Aug. 19991.1 × 104<3.3 × 100NQ<3.3 × 100
    El-Berka, Sept. 19991.1 × 1053.3 × 102NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Nov. 19989.9 × 1053.3 × 1031.1 × 103<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Dec. 19985.4 × 1063.3 × 105NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Jan. 19996.2 × 1053.3 × 1021.1 × 104<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Feb. 19993.7 × 1053.3 × 1021.1 × 104<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Apr. 19991.1 × 1053.3 × 101NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, May 19991.1 × 1053.3 × 101NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, June 19991.1 × 104<3.3 × 100NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, July 19991.1 × 104<3.3 × 100NQ<3.3 × 100
    Zenin, Oct. 19991.1 × 1053.3 × 1021.1 × 103<3.3 × 100
    • ↵ a Reported values were determined by taking into consideration that 3-liter samples were concentrated to a final volume of 1 ml (3,000× concentration factor). NQ, nonquantifiable; the sample was positive only after Southern blot hybridization of the RT-PCR product.

    • ↵ b The actual numbers of HAstV genogroup B copies in samples that also contained HAstV genogroup A were obtained by subtracting the number of genome copies estimated with primers A1/A2 (Table 1) from the numbers of genome copies estimated with primers A1, A1bis, and A2 internal.

    • ↵ c The reciprocal endpoint dilution detected by CC-RT-PCR.

  • TABLE 3.

    Mean levels of differential astrovirus genogroup removal (log10) by different treatments over the study perioda

    GenogroupPrimary sedimentationPrimary sedimentation activated sludgePrimary sedimentation activated sludge chlorination
    No. of RNA copiesCC-RT-PCR UNo. of RNA copiesCC-RT-PCR UNo. of RNA copiesCC-RT-PCR U
    A2.7 ± 1.31.0 ± 0.05.1 ± 1.62.5 ± 1.0NANA
    B0.9 ± 0.91.0 ± 0.03.6 ± 2.22.5 ± 0.83.8 ± 1.22.5 ± 0.8
    • ↵ a Values are means ± standard deviations. NA, not available.

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Removal of Astrovirus from Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, Evaluated by a Competitive Reverse Transcription-PCR
Waled Morsy El-Senousy, Susana Guix, Islem Abid, Rosa M. Pintó, Albert Bosch
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2006, 73 (1) 164-167; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01748-06

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Removal of Astrovirus from Water and Sewage Treatment Plants, Evaluated by a Competitive Reverse Transcription-PCR
Waled Morsy El-Senousy, Susana Guix, Islem Abid, Rosa M. Pintó, Albert Bosch
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2006, 73 (1) 164-167; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01748-06
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KEYWORDS

Fresh Water
Mamastrovirus
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
sewage
Water Purification

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