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Microbial Ecology

Ammonia-Oxidizing β-Proteobacteria from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Northern Chile

Verónica Molina, Osvaldo Ulloa, Laura Farías, Homero Urrutia, Salvador Ramírez, Pilar Junier, Karl-Paul Witzel
Verónica Molina
Laboratorio de Procesos Oceanográficos y Clima, Departamento de Oceanografía & Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sudoriental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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  • For correspondence: vemolina@udec.cl
Osvaldo Ulloa
Laboratorio de Procesos Oceanográficos y Clima, Departamento de Oceanografía & Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sudoriental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Laura Farías
Laboratorio de Procesos Oceanográficos y Clima, Departamento de Oceanografía & Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sudoriental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Homero Urrutia
Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Salvador Ramírez
Laboratorio de Procesos Oceanográficos y Clima, Departamento de Oceanografía & Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sudoriental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Pilar Junier
Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Plön, Germany
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Karl-Paul Witzel
Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Plön, Germany
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02275-06
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ABSTRACT

The composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from the β-Proteobacteria subclass (βAOB) was studied in the surface and upper-oxycline oxic waters (2- to 50-m depth, ∼200 to 44 μM O2) and within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) suboxic waters (50- to 400-m depth, ≤10 μM O2) of the eastern South Pacific off northern Chile. This study was carried out through cloning and sequencing of genes coding for 16S rRNA and the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme active subunit (amoA). Sequences affiliated with Nitrosospira-like cluster 1 dominated the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from both oxic and suboxic waters. Cluster 1 consists exclusively of yet-uncultivated βAOB from marine environments. However, a single clone, out of 224 obtained from the OMZ, was found to belong to Nitrosospira lineage cluster 0. To our knowledge, cluster 0 sequences have been derived from βAOB isolated only from sand, soil, and freshwater environments. Sequences in clone libraries of the amoA gene from the surface and upper oxycline could be grouped in a marine subcluster, also containing no cultured representatives. In contrast, all 74 amoA sequences originating from the OMZ were either closely affiliated with cultured Nitrosospira spp. from clusters 0 and 2 or with other yet-uncultured βAOB from soil and an aerated-anoxic Orbal process waste treatment plant. Our results reveal the presence of Nitrosospira-like βAOB in both oxic and suboxic waters associated with the OMZ but with a clear community shift at the functional level (amoA) along the strong oxygen gradient.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 26 September 2006.
    • Accepted 28 March 2007.
  • ↵▿ Published ahead of print on 6 April 2007.

  • American Society for Microbiology
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Ammonia-Oxidizing β-Proteobacteria from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Northern Chile
Verónica Molina, Osvaldo Ulloa, Laura Farías, Homero Urrutia, Salvador Ramírez, Pilar Junier, Karl-Paul Witzel
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. May 2007, 73 (11) 3547-3555; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02275-06

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Ammonia-Oxidizing β-Proteobacteria from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Northern Chile
Verónica Molina, Osvaldo Ulloa, Laura Farías, Homero Urrutia, Salvador Ramírez, Pilar Junier, Karl-Paul Witzel
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. May 2007, 73 (11) 3547-3555; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02275-06
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