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Public Health Microbiology

Legionella pneumophila in Cooling Towers: Fluctuations in Counts, Determination of Genetic Variability by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and Persistence of PFGE Patterns

Sonia Ragull, Marian Garcia-Nuñez, Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet, Nieves Sopena, Maria Esteve, Rafael Montenegro, Miquel Sabrià
Sonia Ragull
1Infectious Diseases Unit
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Marian Garcia-Nuñez
1Infectious Diseases Unit
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Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet
1Infectious Diseases Unit
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Nieves Sopena
1Infectious Diseases Unit
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Maria Esteve
2Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Rafael Montenegro
3Water Service and Technology Division, Proquimia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
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Miquel Sabrià
1Infectious Diseases Unit
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  • For correspondence: msabria.germanstrias@gencat.net
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00066-07
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    FIG. 1.

    Geometric mean Legionella counts in each cooling tower. Bars represent the standard deviations.

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  • TABLE 1.

    Cooling towers and levels of colonization

    Cooling towerVol (m3)Evaporation (m3/h)No. of samples
    AnalyzedPositiveWith level (CFU/liter) of colonization:
    >100-<1,000>1,000-<10,000>10,000
    A50.83257105
    B50.7125211119
    C80.482519289
    D80.4824224315
    E20.71250000
    F80.53268220
    G20.09261010
    H20.13261100
    I20.14261000
    J201.97266105
    K201.97266321
    L201.97251001
    M201.97242110
    N201.97231001
    O20.18220000
    Total37496161856
  • TABLE 2.

    Serologic identification of the serogroups of L. pneumophila strains and PFGE patterns found in each cooling tower

    Cooling towerSerogroup(s)PFGE pattern(s)
    A1I
    B1, 2 to 14I, II, III
    C1IV, V
    D1VI
    F1VII
    G1VIII
    H1, 2 to 14I, II
    I1IX
    J1X, XI
    K1X, XII, XIII
    L1XIV
    M1XV
    N1XIII, XV, XVI
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Legionella pneumophila in Cooling Towers: Fluctuations in Counts, Determination of Genetic Variability by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and Persistence of PFGE Patterns
Sonia Ragull, Marian Garcia-Nuñez, Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet, Nieves Sopena, Maria Esteve, Rafael Montenegro, Miquel Sabrià
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2007, 73 (16) 5382-5384; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00066-07

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Legionella pneumophila in Cooling Towers: Fluctuations in Counts, Determination of Genetic Variability by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and Persistence of PFGE Patterns
Sonia Ragull, Marian Garcia-Nuñez, Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet, Nieves Sopena, Maria Esteve, Rafael Montenegro, Miquel Sabrià
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2007, 73 (16) 5382-5384; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00066-07
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KEYWORDS

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Genetic Variation
Legionella pneumophila
Water Microbiology

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