Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Effects of different bifidobacterial preparations of B. longum CUETM-89-215, B. bifidum CIP-56.7T, and B. pseudocatenulatum CIP-104168T on transconjugant counts in the conjugation medium. (A) Transfer of blaSHV-5; (B) transfer of blaCTX-M-15. Data, expressed as means ± the standard errors, are from three independent experiments. Symbols: ▪, control; ▦, bifidobacterial culture; ◼, killed bifidobacteria; ▩, culture supernatant; ▧, bifidobacterial pellet. *, significantly different from frequencies obtained in absence of bifidobacteria (P ≤ 1% [Student test]).
- FIG. 2.
Bacterial counts in homogenized feces of gnotobiotic mice. On day 0, 18 germfree mice were inoculated with 108E. coli K-12 recipients. On day 3, six of these mice were inoculated with 108B. bifidum CIP-56.7T and six others were inoculated with 108B. pseudocatenulatum CIP-104168T. The remaining six mice corresponded to our control group. On day 8, all mice were inoculated with 108K. pneumoniae CIP-104771::blaSHV-5 donors. The figure shows the geometric averages of the recipient and donor counts in the 18 mice and the geometric averages of transconjugant counts in each group of six mice. The error bars indicate the standard deviations. Symbols: ⧫, E. coli K-12; ▴, K. pneumoniae CIP-104771::blaSHV-5; □, transconjugants in the absence of bifidobacteria; ○, transconjugants in the presence of B. bifidum CIP-56.7T; •, transconjugants in the presence of B. pseudocatenulatum CIP-104168T.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
In vitro transfer of bla genes between enterobacteria in the absence or presence of bifidobacteriaa
Strain Transfer of blaSHV-5 from K. pneumoniae CIP-104771 to E. coli K-12 Transfer of blaCTX-M-15 from serovar Typhimurium CAM18 to E. coli K-12 Transfer frequency Transconjugant count (log10) Decrease in transconjugant count (log10) Transfer frequency Transconjugant count (log10) Decrease in transconjugant count (log10) No bifidobacteria (42.02 ± 2.04) × 10−6 4.5 ± 0.3 (44.04 ± 1.82) × 10−4 6.1 ± 0.1 B. pseudocatenulatum BS4 (41.23 ± 1.03) × 10−6 4.3 ± 0.1 0.2 (70.15 ± 9.26) × 10−4 5.9 ± 0.3 0.2 B. bifidum BS119 (40.61 ± 6.50) × 10−6 4.3 ± 0.1 0.2 (20.38 ± 1.12) × 10−4 5.8 ± 0.1 0.3 B. longum CUETM-89-215 (0.06 ± 0.02) × 10−6* 2.1 ± 0.3* 2.4 (0.38 ± 0.24) × 10−4* 4.7 ± 0.1* 1.4 B. bifidum CIP-56.7T (0.07 ± 0.01) × 10−6* 2.3 ± 0.2* 2.2 (0.18 ± 0.04) × 10−4* 3.9 ± 0.2* 2.2 B. pseudocatenulatum CIP104168T (0.07 ± 0.01) × 10−6* 1.9 ± 0.4* 2.6 (0.25 ± 0.17) × 10−4* 4.0 ± 0.1* 2.1 ↵ a Values represent the averages from a minimum of three experiments. The transfer frequency is the transconjugant counts relative to the donor counts after the mating period. *, P ≤ 1% in the Student test in comparison to values in the conjugations without bifidobacteria. Significant decreases in transconjugant counts are indicated in boldface.
