Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Inulin-type fructan degradation fingerprint of Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841T. Growth, carbohydrate consumption, and metabolite production in mMCB supplemented with 50 mM FE of fructose (A), oligofructose (OraftiP95) (B), or inulin (OraftiHP) (C) are shown. ○, carbohydrate (FE); ▪, acetate; ⋄; butyrate; □, lactate;
, CO2; •, growth. (D) Oligofructose degradation. F, fructose; G, glucose. (E) Qualitative inulin degradation. An HPAEC-PAD chromatogram is shown. - FIG. 2.
Scheme for butyrate production in clostridial cluster XIVa colon bacteria. 1, lactate dehydrogenase; 2, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; 3, butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase; 4, acetate kinase; 5, membrane-associated NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; 6, hydrogenase; *, generation of ATP; x, mM FE fructose/oligofructose/inulin consumed; 2x, mM lactate consumed; y, mM acetate consumed; z, mM lactate produced.
- FIG. 3.
Growth, carbohydrate consumption, and metabolite production by a coculture of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum LMG 11047 with Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841T in mMCB supplemented with 50 mM FE of inulin (OraftiHP). (A) ○, inulin (FE); ▪, acetate; □, lactate; ▵, formate; •, growth of Bifidobacterium. (B) Qualitative inulin degradation. An HPAEC-PAD chromatogram is shown.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
Growth, carbohydrate consumption, and metabolite production of Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662T, Roseburia faecis DSM 16840T, Roseburia hominis DSM 16839T, Roseburia intestinalis DSM 14610T, and Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841T in mMCB supplemented with 50 mM FE fructose, oligofructose, or inulin or 100 mM lactate
Strain Mean ± SD consumption (mM) of substrate (after 48 h) Mean ± SD production (mM) of metabolite (after 48 h) Carbon recovery (%) Electron recovery (%) Substrate depletion time (h) Max. cell populationf (time [h] max. was reached) Energy source Acetate Butyrate Carbon dioxide Hydrogen gas Lactate A. caccae DSM 14662T 50.2 ± 0.1a 28.7 ± 1.0 58.6 ± 0.4 104.0 ± 0.1 67.4 ± 0.1 0 94.3 91.0 24-48 2.7 (24) A. caccae DSM 14662T 86.1 ± 1.4b 39.9 ± 1.8 63.2 ± 0.4 85.3 ± 0.1 42.8 ± 0.1 0 100 99.8 >48 1.8 (9) R. faecis DSM 16840T 38.8 ± 0.2a 0 30.1 ± 0.5 84.6 ± 0.1 90.1 ± 0.1 0 88.1 84.0 >48 1.1 (6) R. faecis DSM 16840T 12.8 ± 0.2c 6.5 ± 1.0 15.0 ± 0.4 23.4 ± 0.1 13.6 ± 0.1 0 92.6 >48 1.1 (3) R. hominis DSM 16839T 50.9 ± 0.2a 20.8 ± 0.9 55.7 ± 0.1 95.2 ± 0.1 65.1 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.2 99.4d 96.5d 15-24 4.4 (15) R. intestinalis DSM 14610T 51.8 ± 1.3a 36.8 ± 1.1 74.5 ± 0.9 103.5 ± 0.1 57.7 ± 0.1 0 104.4 104.4 15-24 3.1 (15) R. intestinalis DSM 14610T 56.0 ± 0.2c 33.0 ± 0.4 67.5 ± 0.5 101.7 ± 0.1 62.9 ± 0.1 0 91.7 >48 2.2 (48) R. inulinivorans DSM 16841T 46.4 ± 0.4a 31.1 ± 0.7 35.7 ± 0.2 38.9 ± 0.1 0 50.4 ± 0.3 97.7 96.8 >48 1.5 (15) R. inulinivorans DSM 16841T 52.3 ± 0.2c 22.0 ± 0.6 28.6 ± 0.7 30.1 ± 0.1 0 66.7 ± 0.6 96.3 15-24 2.8 (15) R. inulinivorans DSM 16841T 45.8 ± 0.6e 31.0 ± 1.1 35.5 ± 0.8 40.9 ± 0.1 0 51.0 ± 0.2 99.7 >48 2.0 (24) - TABLE 2.
Comparisons between calculated and measured butyrate, CO2, and H2 productiona
Strain (fermentation substrate) Production level (mM) Butyrate CO2 H2 Calculated Measured Calculated Measured Calculated Measured A. caccae DSM 14662T (fructose) 64.6 58.6 100.5 104.0 71.8 67.4 A. caccae DSM 14662T (lactate) 63.0 63.2 86.1 85.3 46.2 42.8 R. faecis DSM 16840T (fructose) 38.8 30.1 77.7 84.6 77.7 90.1 R. faecis DSM 16840T (oligofructose) 16.0 15.0 25.6 23.4 19.2 13.6 R. hominis DSM 16839T (fructose) 57.8 55.7 94.8 95.2 74.0 65.1 R. intestinalis DSM 14610T (fructose) 70.2 74.5 103.7 103.5 66.9 57.7 R. intestinalis DSM 14610T (oligofructose) 73.0 67.5 113.1 101.7 80.1 62.9 R. inulinivorans DSM 16841T (fructose) 36.8 35.7 42.4 38.9 11.3b 0.0 R. inulinivorans DSM 16841T (oligofructose) 30.0 28.6 38.0 30.1 16.0b 0.0 R. inulinivorans DSM 16841T (inulin) 35.8 35.5 40.6 40.9 9.6b 0.0 ↵ a Based on fructose/oligofructose/inulin, lactate, and acetate consumption and lactate production by clostridial cluster XIVa butyrate producers in mMCB supplemented with 50 mM FE fructose, oligofructose, or inulin or 100 mM lactate (Fig. 1; Table 1). Calculations are based on the metabolic pathway proposed in Fig. 2.
↵ b Theoretical (Fig. 2) and measured H2 production levels were 0; deviant calculated values are to be attributed to measuring errors for input data (fructose/oligofructose/inulin and acetate consumption or lactate production).
Supplemental material
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental file 1
-
Inulin-type fructan degradation fingerprints of Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662T (Fig. S1), Roseburia faecis DSM 16840T (Fig. S2), R. hominis DSM 16839T (Fig. S3), and R. intestinalis DSM 14610T (Fig. S4).
Word file, 194K.
- Supplemental file 1
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Inulin-type fructan degradation fingerprints of Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662T (Fig. S1), Roseburia faecis DSM 16840T (Fig. S2), R. hominis DSM 16839T (Fig. S3), and R. intestinalis DSM 14610T (Fig. S4).
