Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Circular representation of the three large plasmids from S. Kentucky CVM29188. (A) pCVM29188_146. Circles, from outside to inside: 1 and 2, strand-specific depiction of all CDS, color coded according to predicted function in replication initiation (gray), antibiotic resistance (red), transposition/recombination (gold), plasmid transfer and maintenance (dark green), virulence (light green), colicin biosynthesis and immunity (pink), or other functions (black); 3, scale; 4 to 7, matching sequences (>95% nucleotide identity) in the same orientation (red) or opposite orientation (blue) with pAPEC-O1-ColBM, pAPEC-O2-ColV, pYR1, and pCVM29188_101; 8, predicted laterally transferred CDS (black); 9, trinucleotide sequence composition. (B) pCVM29188_101. Circles, from outside to inside: 1 and 2, strand-specific depiction of all CDS, color coded analogously to the circles in panel A, except for CDS encoding a conjugal pilus for liquid mating (blue); 3, scale; 4 to 8, matching sequences with pNF1358 from S. Typhimurium, ColIb-P9 from Shigella sonnei P9, R64 from S. Typhimurium, pSC138 from S. enterica Choleraesuis SC-B67, and pCVM29188_146; 9, predicted laterally transferred CDS (black); 10, trinucleotide sequence composition. (C) pCVM29188_46. Circles, from outside to inside: 1 and 2, strand-specific depiction of all CDS, color coded analogously to the circles in panels A and B; 3, scale; 4, matching sequences with pCVM29188_101; 5, predicted laterally transferred CDS (black); 6, trinucleotide sequence composition. PCR primer pair locations used for the APEC-like plasmid screening assay and for the verification of plasmid transfer experiments are shown on the outermost circles of all three plasmids.
- FIG. 2.
Schematic representation of the conjugative plasmid transfer system set up between S. Kentucky CVM29188 (dark gray) as a plasmid donor and S. Kentucky CVM35942 (dark gray), S. Newport SL317 (white), and E. coli DH10B (light gray) as plasmid recipients. Transconjugants from the first plasmid transfer served as plasmid donors in the retransfer to E. coli DH10B (light gray). Transfer efficiencies are given as numbers of transconjugants per cell-forming unit of donor. Where detected, cotransfer is depicted through plasmid circles without fillings. tet, tetracycline; tio, ceftiofur.
- FIG. 3.
PFGE dendrogram including antimicrobial resistance spectrum of S. Kentucky isolates screened for the presence of APEC-like plasmids. Strains testing positive for the presence of all five plasmid marker loci are shaded in gray on entire lines. Strains testing positive for only a subset of the plasmid marker loci are shaded gray only partially. Two large groups of isolates indistinguishable by XbaI restriction are highlighted: A, which contains mostly chicken S. Kentucky isolates (94%), and B, which contains human and cattle isolates, but without chicken S. Kentucky isolates. Abbreviations for antimicrobials: AMC, amoxicillin (amoxicilline)-clavulanic acid; AMP, ampicillin; FOX, cefoxitin; AXO, ceftriaxone; CEP*, cephalothin (cefalotin) (only tested for NARMS isolates from 2002 to 2003); CHL, chloramphenicol; GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; NAL, nalidixic acid; STR, streptomycin; SUL, sulfamethoxazole; TET, tetracycline; COT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TIO, ceftiofur.
Additional Files
Supplemental material
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental file 1
-
Genetic organization of the antimicrobial resistance fragment on pCVM29188_146 and comparison to related fragments from
pYR1 and pEa34 (Fig. S1), PCR primers used in the study (Table S1), and results of PCR-based screening of Salmonella strains for the presence of avian-pathogenic E. coli-like plasmids similar to pCVM29188_146 (Table S2).
Zipped PDF file, 1.2MB.
- Supplemental file 1
-
Genetic organization of the antimicrobial resistance fragment on pCVM29188_146 and comparison to related fragments from
pYR1 and pEa34 (Fig. S1), PCR primers used in the study (Table S1), and results of PCR-based screening of Salmonella strains for the presence of avian-pathogenic E. coli-like plasmids similar to pCVM29188_146 (Table S2).
