Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG. 1.
The reproducibility of the NV RT-qPCR assay was determined using a 10-fold serially diluted NV plasmid DNA standard (2 × 104 to ∼20 genomic copies per reaction). The threshold cycle versus log10 transformed NV genomic copy number is shown for three replicate experiments analyzed using linear regression.
- FIG. 2.
In vitro inactivation of Norwalk virus at various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and ethanol. The suspension assay was used to measure virucidal activities of 3 ppm, 22 ppm, 51 ppm, 160 ppm, and 1,600 ppm of sodium hypochlorite (a) and 3%, 17%, 31%, 47%, 62%, and 95% ethanol (b) after a 30-s exposure time. Results indicate the mean NV log10 reduction with standard deviation from two replicate trials.
Tables
- TABLE 1.
In vivo efficacies of hand wash agents against NV evaluated by standard and modified ASTM methodsa
Exposure Standard ASTM method Modified ASTM method n Avg log reduction (SD) n Avg log reduction (SD) No RNase RNase No RNase RNase Dry control 20 0.20 (0.28)A 0.16 (0.06)X 20 0.22 (0.25)A 0.20 (0.24)X Hand sanitizer 20 0.14 (0.31)A 0.27 (0.12)X 10 0.22 (0.22)A 0.34 (0.22)X Liquid soapb 20 0.94 (0.46)B 0.67 (0.47)Y 10 1.20 (0.64)B 1.10 (0.49)Y Water rinsec 20 0.75 (0.63)B 0.58 (0.37)Y 20 1.58 (0.48)B 1.38 (0.49)Y ↵ a Different superscript capital letter designations in a column indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between mean log10 reductions by disinfection/removal treatments for the finger pad eluates with no RNase treatment (A and B) or with RNase treatment (X and Y) prior to RT-qPCR.
↵ b There was a marginal statistical difference (P = 0.048) between the results from the standard and modified ASTM methods for samples that received the RNase treatment.
↵ c In comparing the results of the standard and modified ASTM methods for each disinfection/removal treatment, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for treatments either with no RNase treatment or with RNase treatment prior to RT-qPCR.
