Effects of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Coronavirus Survival on Surfaces

DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02291-09

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FIG. 1.
Survival of TGEV and MHV at 4°C and (a) 20% RH, (b) 50% RH, and (c) 80% RH. Squares, TGEV; circles, MHV. The error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
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FIG. 2.
Survival of TGEV and MHV at 20°C and (a) 20% RH, (b) 50% RH, and (c) 80% RH. Filled squares, TGEV; filled circles, MHV; open circles, value for the sample was below the detection limit of the assay (5 log₁₀ MPN). The error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
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FIG. 3.
Survival of TGEV and MHV at 40°C and (a) 20% RH, (b) 50% RH, and (c) 80% RH. Filled squares, TGEV; filled circles, MHV; open squares, value for the TGEV sample was below the detection limit of the assay (4 log₁₀ MPN); open circle, value for the MHV sample was below the detection limit of the assay (4 log₁₀ MPN). The error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

TABLE 1.

Slopes of regression lines for virus inactivation at 4°C and 20, 50, and 80% RH

RH	Replicate	MHV			TGEV
RH	Replicate	Slope	P	Mean slope	Slope	P	Mean slope
20	1	−0.029	0.2124	−0.031	−0.016	0.1082	−0.021
	2	−0.036	0.0197		−0.025	0.0124
	3	−0.027	0.1248		−0.023	0.1792
50	1	−0.161	0.0016	−0.152	−0.113	0.0415	−0.107
	2	−0.152	0.0042		−0.111	0.0211
	3	−0.143	0.0048		−0.098	0.0354
80	1	−0.099	0.0067	−0.106	−0.139	0.0064	−0.133
	2	−0.114	0.0139		−0.139	0.0052
	3	−0.105	0.0171		−0.122	0.0274

TABLE 2.

Slopes of regression lines for virus inactivation at 20°C and 20, 50, and 80% RH

RH	Replicate	MHV			TGEV
RH	Replicate	Slope	P	Mean slope	Slope	P	Mean slope
20	1	−0.052	0.0057	−0.061	−0.077	0.0025	−0.081
	2	−0.068	0.0005		−0.079	0.0019
	3	−0.063	0.0291		−0.087	0.0034
50	1	−0.685	0.0004	−0.685	−1.083	0.0003	−0.896
	2	−0.649	0.0004		−0.792	0.0029
	3	−0.721	<0.0001		−0.814	0.0316
80	1	−0.550	0.0001	−0.529	−0.212	0.0001	−0.212
	2	−0.531	0.0001		−0.236	0.0001
	3	−0.506	0.0001		−0.189	0.0001

TABLE 3.

Slopes of regression lines for virus inactivation at 40°C and 20, 50, and 80% RH

RH	Replicate	MHV			TGEV
RH	Replicate	Slope	P	Mean slope	Slope	P	Mean slope
20	1	−0.984	0.0001	−0.990	−1.396	0.0022	−1.523
	2	−0.957	0.0003		−1.586	0.0134
	3	−1.028	0.0002		−1.586	0.0134
50	1	−9.220	0.0015	−8.426	−12.440	<0.0001	−11.280
	2	−6.635	0.0293		−11.680	<0.0001
	3	−9.424	0.0034		−9.720	<0.0001
80	1	−16.008	0.0046	−15.948	−10.354	0.0006	−9.857
	2	−16.092	0.0032		−9.951	0.0020
	3	−15.744	0.0108		−9.266	0.0089