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Invertebrate Microbiology

Prevalence and Seasonality of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Luxembourg

Anna L. Reye, Judith M. Hübschen, Aurélie Sausy, Claude P. Muller
Anna L. Reye
Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory/CRP Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Judith M. Hübschen
Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory/CRP Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Aurélie Sausy
Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory/CRP Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Claude P. Muller
Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory/CRP Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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  • For correspondence: Claude.Muller@LNS.ETAT.LU
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03061-09
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ABSTRACT

In Europe, ixodid ticks are important arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens, but comprehensive studies of the prevalence of all relevant pathogens in Central Europe are scarce. As a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. In this study, 1,394 nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks sampled monthly during the active season from 33 ecologically distinct collection sites throughout Luxembourg were screened for all human tick-borne pathogens relevant in Central Europe. Species were identified by sequence analysis of detection PCR amplicons. Mean infection rates of ticks were 11.3% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 5.1% for Rickettsia sp., 2.7% for Babesia sp., and 1.9% for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. No tick was found to be infected with Coxiella sp., Francisella tularensis subsp., or Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). A total of 3.2% of ticks were infected with more than one pathogen species, including mixed Borrelia infections (1.5%). Seasonal variations of tick infection rates were observed for Borrelia, Babesia, and Anaplasma, possibly reflecting a behavioral adaptation strategy of questing ticks. A positive correlation between the grade of urbanization and Borrelia infection rate of ticks was observed, suggesting an established urban zoonotic cycle. We also found Hepatozoon canis (0.1%) and Bartonella henselae (0.3%), which so far have not been found in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Central Europe.

  • Copyright © 2010 American Society for Microbiology
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Prevalence and Seasonality of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Luxembourg
Anna L. Reye, Judith M. Hübschen, Aurélie Sausy, Claude P. Muller
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2010, 76 (9) 2923-2931; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03061-09

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Prevalence and Seasonality of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Luxembourg
Anna L. Reye, Judith M. Hübschen, Aurélie Sausy, Claude P. Muller
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2010, 76 (9) 2923-2931; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03061-09
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Ixodes

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