Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Flowchart of sampling and characterization of E. coli isolates in this study. Clinically healthy pigs were from production units in Berlin, Brandenburg, Lower Saxony, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Diseased pigs were from production units in North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Schleswig-Holstein, Bavaria, Lower Saxony, and Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, and Styria and Lower Austria, Austria. Asterisks indicate that the remaining 59 (out of 121) hemolytic E. coli isolates were not available as cultures and therefore could not be included in further analysis.
- Fig. 2.
Presence or absences of eVAGs in 99 porcine intestinal hemolytic E. coli isolates in this study. n, number of isolates per pattern. Solid squares indicate the presence of the respective gene, and open squares indicate its absence.
Tables
- Table 1.
Occurrence of eVAGs in porcine intestinal hemolytic E. coli and comparison to data from an already published study on porcine intestinal nonhemolytic E. colia,b
Gene(s) or operon Description % of positive isolatesc Hemolytic E. colid Nonhemolytic E. coli from healthy pigs (n = 65)b Diseased pigs (n = 62) Healthy pigs (n = 37) Total (n = 99) Adhesins afa/draB Afimbrial/Dr antigen-specific adhesin 0 5.4 2.0 0 fimC Type 1 fimbriae (d-mannose-specific adhesin) 98.4 97.3 98.0 80.0 hra Heat-resistant agglutinin 25.8* 54.1* 36.4 10.8 iha Iron-regulated-gene homologue adhesin 0 0 0 0 papC Pilus associated with pyelonephritis 21.0 37.8 27.3 0 sfa/focCD S fimbriae (sialic acid-specific) and F1C fimbriae 17.7 32.4 23.2 0 tshb Temp-sensitive hemagglutinin 53.2* 18.9* 40.4 6.2 csgA Curli fiber-encoding gene 90.3 91.9 90.0 NT mat Meningitis-associated and temp-regulated fimbriae 88.5 89.5 88.9 76.9 Iron acquisition chuA Heme receptor gene (E. coli heme utilization) 16.1* 40.5* 25.3 10.8 fyuA Ferric Yersinia uptake (yersiniabactin receptor) 17.7* 48.6* 30.0 16.9 ireA Iron-responsive element (putative catecholate siderophore receptor) 6.5 8.1 7.1 0 iroNb Catecholate siderophore (salmochelin) receptor 19.4* 51.4* 31.3 10.8 irp2 Iron-repressible protein (yersiniabactin synthesis) 14.5* 40.5* 24.2 16.9 iucD Aerobactin synthesis 9.7 24.3 15.2 10.8 sitD (chromosomal) Salmonella iron transport system gene 9.7 21.6 14.1 1.5 sitD (episomal) Salmonella iron transport system gene 9.7 24.3 15.2 9.2 iutA Aerobactin receptor 25.8 27.0 26.3 NT Protectins/serum resistance iss Increased serum survival 22.6 16.2 20.2 10.8 neuC K1 capsular polysaccharide 3.2 0 2.0 0 kpsMTII Group II capsule antigens 32.3 35.1 33.3 9.2 ompA Outer membrane protein 100 100 100 98.5 traT Transfer protein 85.5* 64.9* 77.8 60.0 Toxins astA EAST-1 (heat-stable cytotoxin associated with enteroaggregative E. coli) 1.6* 18.9* 8.1 12.3 sat Secreted autotransporter toxin 0 0 0 0 hlyA Hemolysin A 98.4 100 99.0 0 cnf1/2 Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 16.1 24.3 19.2 NT Invasins gimB Genetic island associated with newborn meningitis 3.2 2.7 3.0 0 ibeA Invasion of brain endothelium 3.2* 18.9* 9.1 4.6 tia Toxigenic invasion locus in ETECe isolates 0 2.7 1.0 0 Miscellaneous cvi/cva Structural genes of colicin V operon (microcin ColV) 8.1 10.8 9.1 10.8 pic Serine protease autotransporter 11.3 16.2 13.1 1.5 malX Pathogenicity-associated island marker CFT073 14.5 27.0 19.2 0 ↵a Primer references are cited in the study by Ewers et al. (4).
↵b Schierack et al. (10).
↵c *, differences between hemolytic isolates from diseased pigs and hemolytic isolates from clinically healthy pigs are statistically significant (P < 0.05). NT, not tested.
↵d This study.
↵e ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli.
Supplemental material
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental file 1
-
Pig production units with clinically healthy pigs and occurrence of hemolytic E. coli (Table S1); eVAGs in porcine intestinal hemolytic E. coli without iVAGs according to their phylogenetic affiliation (Table S2).
MS Word document, 127K.
- Supplemental file 1
-
Pig production units with clinically healthy pigs and occurrence of hemolytic E. coli (Table S1); eVAGs in porcine intestinal hemolytic E. coli without iVAGs according to their phylogenetic affiliation (Table S2).
