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Environmental Microbiology

Lactobacillus reuteri Protects Epidermal Keratinocytes from Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Cell Death by Competitive Exclusion

Tessa Prince, Andrew J. McBain, Catherine A. O'Neill
Tessa Prince
Schools of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Andrew J. McBain
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Catherine A. O'Neill
Schools of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00595-12
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ABSTRACT

Recent studies have suggested that the topical application of probiotic bacteria can improve skin health or combat disease. We have utilized a primary human keratinocyte culture model to investigate whether probiotic bacteria can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection. Evaluation of the candidate probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, Lactobacillus rhamnosus AC413, and Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 demonstrated that both L. reuteri and L. rhamnosus, but not L. salivarius, reduced S. aureus-induced keratinocyte cell death in both undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes. Keratinocyte survival was significantly higher if the probiotic was applied prior to (P < 0.01) or simultaneously with (P < 0.01) infection with S. aureus but not when added after infection had commenced (P > 0.05). The protective effect of L. reuteri was not dependent on the elaboration of inhibitory substances such as lactic acid. L. reuteri inhibited adherence of S. aureus to keratinocytes by competitive exclusion (P = 0.026). L. salivarius UCC118, however, did not inhibit S. aureus from adhering to keratinocytes (P > 0.05) and did not protect keratinocyte viability. S. aureus utilizes the α5β1 integrin to adhere to keratinocytes, and blocking of this integrin resulted in a protective effect similar to that observed with probiotics (P = 0.03). This suggests that the protective mechanism for L. reuteri-mediated protection of keratinocytes was by competitive exclusion of the pathogen from its binding sites on the cells. Our results suggest that use of a topical probiotic prophylactically could inhibit the colonization of skin by S. aureus and thus aid in the prevention of infection.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 24 February 2012.
    • Accepted 5 May 2012.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 11 May 2012.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00595-12.

  • Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Lactobacillus reuteri Protects Epidermal Keratinocytes from Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Cell Death by Competitive Exclusion
Tessa Prince, Andrew J. McBain, Catherine A. O'Neill
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Jul 2012, 78 (15) 5119-5126; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00595-12

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Lactobacillus reuteri Protects Epidermal Keratinocytes from Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Cell Death by Competitive Exclusion
Tessa Prince, Andrew J. McBain, Catherine A. O'Neill
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Jul 2012, 78 (15) 5119-5126; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00595-12
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