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Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Food Microbiology

Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Human Norovirus GII.4 and Murine Norovirus 1 in Viral Suspensions, on Stainless Steel Discs, and in Lettuce Wash Water

Dan Li, Leen Baert, Dongsheng Zhang, Ming Xia, Weiming Zhong, Els Van Coillie, Xi Jiang, Mieke Uyttendaele
Dan Li
Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Leen Baert
Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Dongsheng Zhang
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Ming Xia
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Weiming Zhong
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Els Van Coillie
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
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Xi Jiang
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Mieke Uyttendaele
Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01987-12
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    Fig 1

    Infectivity of MNV-1 detected by plaque assay before (white bars) and after GSE treatment (0.2 mg/ml [gray bars] or 2 mg/ml [black bars]) in different solutions (x axis). Each column represents the average of triplicates, and each error bar indicates the data range. *, lower than the detection limit.

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    Fig 2

    Genomic copies of human NoVs GII.4 detected by cell-binding RT-PCR before (white bars) and after GSE treatment (0.2 mg/ml [gray bars] or 2 mg/ml [black bars]) in different solutions (x axis). Each column represents the average of triplicates, and each error bar indicates the data range.

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    Fig 3

    OD450 values of human NoVs GII.4 P particles detected by saliva-binding ELISA before (white bars) and after GSE treatment (0.2 mg/ml [gray bars] or 2 mg/ml [black bars]) in different solutions (x axis). Each column represents the average of triplicates, and each error bar indicates the data range.

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    Fig 4

    Electron micrographs of human NoVs GII.4 VLPs before (A) and after GSE treatment (0.2 mg/ml [B] or 2 mg/ml [C]).

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    Fig 5

    Infectivity of MNV-1 detected by plaque assay before (white bars) and after GSE treatment (0.2 mg/ml [gray bars] and 2 mg/ml [black bars]) in different practical scenarios (x axis). Each column represents the average of triplicates, and each error bar indicates the data range.

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Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Human Norovirus GII.4 and Murine Norovirus 1 in Viral Suspensions, on Stainless Steel Discs, and in Lettuce Wash Water
Dan Li, Leen Baert, Dongsheng Zhang, Ming Xia, Weiming Zhong, Els Van Coillie, Xi Jiang, Mieke Uyttendaele
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Oct 2012, 78 (21) 7572-7578; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01987-12

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Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Human Norovirus GII.4 and Murine Norovirus 1 in Viral Suspensions, on Stainless Steel Discs, and in Lettuce Wash Water
Dan Li, Leen Baert, Dongsheng Zhang, Ming Xia, Weiming Zhong, Els Van Coillie, Xi Jiang, Mieke Uyttendaele
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Oct 2012, 78 (21) 7572-7578; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01987-12
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