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Microbial Ecology

Aquacultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Possess a Large Core Intestinal Microbiota That Is Resistant to Variation in Diet and Rearing Density

Sandi Wong, Thomas Waldrop, Steven Summerfelt, John Davidson, Frederic Barrows, P. Brett Kenney, Timothy Welch, Gregory D. Wiens, Kevin Snekvik, John F. Rawls, Christopher Good
Sandi Wong
aDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
bDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
cDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Thomas Waldrop
dThe Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
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Steven Summerfelt
dThe Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
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John Davidson
dThe Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
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Frederic Barrows
eFish Technology Center, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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P. Brett Kenney
fDivision of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Timothy Welch
gUSDA-ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, West Virginia, USA
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Gregory D. Wiens
gUSDA-ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, West Virginia, USA
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Kevin Snekvik
hWashington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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John F. Rawls
aDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
bDepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
cDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Christopher Good
dThe Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00924-13
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ABSTRACT

As global aquaculture fish production continues to expand, an improved understanding of how environmental factors interact in fish health and production is needed. Significant advances have been made toward economical alternatives to costly fishmeal-based diets, such as grain-based formulations, and toward defining the effect of rearing density on fish health and production. Little research, however, has examined the effects of fishmeal- and grain-based diets in combination with alterations in rearing density. Moreover, it is unknown whether interactions between rearing density and diet impact the composition of the fish intestinal microbiota, which might in turn impact fish health and production. We fed aquacultured adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fishmeal- or grain-based diets, reared them under high- or low-density conditions for 10 months in a single aquaculture facility, and evaluated individual fish growth, production, fin indices, and intestinal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the intestinal microbiotas were dominated by a shared core microbiota consisting of 52 bacterial lineages observed across all individuals, diets, and rearing densities. Variations in diet and rearing density resulted in only minor changes in intestinal microbiota composition despite significant effects of these variables on fish growth, performance, fillet quality, and welfare. Significant interactions between diet and rearing density were observed only in evaluations of fin indices and the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus. These results demonstrate that aquacultured rainbow trout can achieve remarkable consistency in intestinal microbiota composition and suggest the possibility of developing novel aquaculture strategies without overtly altering intestinal microbiota composition.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 22 March 2013.
    • Accepted 7 June 2013.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 14 June 2013.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00924-13.

  • Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Aquacultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Possess a Large Core Intestinal Microbiota That Is Resistant to Variation in Diet and Rearing Density
Sandi Wong, Thomas Waldrop, Steven Summerfelt, John Davidson, Frederic Barrows, P. Brett Kenney, Timothy Welch, Gregory D. Wiens, Kevin Snekvik, John F. Rawls, Christopher Good
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2013, 79 (16) 4974-4984; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00924-13

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Aquacultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Possess a Large Core Intestinal Microbiota That Is Resistant to Variation in Diet and Rearing Density
Sandi Wong, Thomas Waldrop, Steven Summerfelt, John Davidson, Frederic Barrows, P. Brett Kenney, Timothy Welch, Gregory D. Wiens, Kevin Snekvik, John F. Rawls, Christopher Good
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2013, 79 (16) 4974-4984; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00924-13
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