Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1
Paris water production system and distribution network. D, distribution unit.
- Fig 2
RGM prevalence index in the Parisian water network. (A) Estimated mean RGM prevalence (detection of at least one RGM isolate in 1 liter) in production units (white, before chlorination; light gray, after chlorination), storage tanks (dark gray), and sites of distribution (black). The 95% CI values are reported where their calculation was possible. Squares indicate the estimated means for all points of the same color. The arrows connect the three treatment steps within each production plant. Abbreviations: Aq, aqueduct; Oz, ozonation; Ca, granular activated charcoal; Cl, chlorination; T, water storage tank; D, distribution unit. (B) Mean prevalences (95% CIs) of the 18 RGM species and putative new species isolated from the network. Only one isolate each was recovered for M. fortuitum, ParisRGMnew2, and ParisRGMnew5 to ParisRGMnew8.
- Fig 3
Positions of the 18 RGM species and putative new species isolated from the Parisian water network within the RGM distance tree based on rpoB sequence alignment. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and the Kimura 2-substitution model. Branches with bootstrap values below 75% were collapsed. Black boxes highlight RGM species and putative new species isolated from the Parisian network. Values in parentheses are the total numbers of isolates recovered.
- Fig 4
RGM species community groups. (A) Relative occurrence of the main RGM species and heat map diagram. Only species detected more than once are shown. The greyscale intensity of each rectangle is proportional to the normalized frequency of the RGM species at each sampling point. (B) Hierarchical clustering of RGM species composition found at each sampling point, based on average distance and the correlation calculation method. Bootstrap value calculations were based on 1,000 samplings (all >99% for the identified RGM groups). Black circles, surface water origin; white circles, groundwater origin; gray circles, mixed origin. Note that four groups are individualized (excluding a single branch representing the aqueduct B production site exit).
- Fig 5
Principal-component analysis of RGM content at the points of the production system and distribution network. Only species detected in at least three independent samples were considered. (A) Individual-factor map. RGM species community groups revealed by clustering analysis are indicated with probability ellipses (95% CIs). (B) Variable-factor map.
- Fig 6
Variation of M. chelonae and M. llatzerense prevalences along the Parisian water production and distribution system. The estimated mean prevalence values (95% CIs) at the production, storage, and distribution unit sites according to the origin of water are shown.
- Fig 7
Relative variation of M. chelonae and M. llatzerense from each point of the water distribution network compared with the upper point to which it is connected. Only points connected with a single point of origin were studied. Overall mean (squares) and 95% CI values are indicated for each species. The Pearson correlation coefficient is indicated.
Tables
- Table 1
GI numbers of rpoB sequences used for alignment and distance tree construction
a For complete genomes, sequence coordinates on the chromosome are indicated.
b cds, partial coding sequence.
Supplemental material
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplemental file 1 -
Sampling sites in the Paris water treatment system and distribution network (Fig. SA1).
PDF, 60K
- Supplemental file 2
-
RGM recovered from the water distribution system according to collection site (Table SA1).
XLS, 12K
- Supplemental file 1 -
