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Invertebrate Microbiology

Analysis of Multiple Tsetse Fly Populations in Uganda Reveals Limited Diversity and Species-Specific Gut Microbiota

Emre Aksoy, Erich L. Telleria, Richard Echodu, Yineng Wu, Loyce M. Okedi, Brian L. Weiss, Serap Aksoy, Adalgisa Caccone
H. Goodrich-Blair, Editor
Emre Aksoy
aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Erich L. Telleria
bDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Richard Echodu
cFaculty of Science, Molecular Biology/Genetics, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Yineng Wu
bDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Loyce M. Okedi
dNational Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda
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Brian L. Weiss
bDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Serap Aksoy
bDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Adalgisa Caccone
aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
bDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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H. Goodrich-Blair
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00079-14
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ABSTRACT

The invertebrate microbiome contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology, including nutrient supplementation and immune maturation processes. We identified and compared gut microbial abundance and diversity in natural tsetse flies from Uganda using five genetically distinct populations of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and multiple tsetse species (Glossina morsitans morsitans, G. f. fuscipes, and Glossina pallidipes) that occur in sympatry in one location. We used multiple approaches, including deep sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, and bacterium-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR), to investigate the levels and patterns of gut microbial diversity from a total of 151 individuals. Our results show extremely limited diversity in field flies of different tsetse species. The obligate endosymbiont Wigglesworthia dominated all samples (>99%), but we also observed wide prevalence of low-density Sodalis (tsetse's commensal endosymbiont) infections (<0.05%). There were also several individuals (22%) with high Sodalis density, which also carried coinfections with Serratia. Albeit in low density, we noted differences in microbiota composition among the genetically distinct G. f. fuscipes flies and between different sympatric species. Interestingly, Wigglesworthia density varied in different species (104 to 106 normalized genomes), with G. f. fuscipes having the highest levels. We describe the factors that may be responsible for the reduced diversity of tsetse's gut microbiota compared to those of other insects. Additionally, we discuss the implications of Wigglesworthia and Sodalis density variations as they relate to trypanosome transmission dynamics and vector competence variations associated with different tsetse species.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 16 January 2014.
    • Accepted 30 April 2014.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 9 May 2014.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00079-14.

  • Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Analysis of Multiple Tsetse Fly Populations in Uganda Reveals Limited Diversity and Species-Specific Gut Microbiota
Emre Aksoy, Erich L. Telleria, Richard Echodu, Yineng Wu, Loyce M. Okedi, Brian L. Weiss, Serap Aksoy, Adalgisa Caccone
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2014, 80 (14) 4301-4312; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00079-14

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Analysis of Multiple Tsetse Fly Populations in Uganda Reveals Limited Diversity and Species-Specific Gut Microbiota
Emre Aksoy, Erich L. Telleria, Richard Echodu, Yineng Wu, Loyce M. Okedi, Brian L. Weiss, Serap Aksoy, Adalgisa Caccone
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2014, 80 (14) 4301-4312; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00079-14
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