Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1
Location of the Aha watershed in China and the locations of 11 sampling sites in the Aha watershed. Please note that water flows from SD1 to SD13. The map was created using CorelDraw.
- FIG 2
Taxonomic classification of bacterial reads retrieved from different watershed samples at phylum level using the RDP classifier. “Rare” indicates phyla with relative abundances of less than 0.5%.
- FIG 3
Heat map analysis of the distribution of dominant phylotypes in the 11 samples. The double hierarchical dendrogram shows the microbial distribution of the 11 samples. The relative percentages for the microbial genera are depicted by the color intensity; the color key is at the bottom.
- FIG 4
UPGMA tree showing clusters of microbial communities based on weighted UniFrac with 100% support at all nodes.
- FIG 5
Ordination diagrams from canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of bacterial abundances and geochemical parameters. Response variables of bacterial abundances are indicated by triangles. Arrows indicate the direction and magnitude of geochemical parameters associated with bacterial community structures. Each sample is represented by colored circles according to sampling zones. Abbreviations: Temp, temperature; Fetot, total Fe; TC, total carbon in the sediments; TOC, total organic carbon in the sediments. Bacterial abbreviations: Halo, Halomonas; Shewa, Shewanella; Mon, Desulfomonile; Geo, Geobacter; Syn, Syntrophobacter; Acidi, Aciditerrimonas; Alicyclo, Alicyclobacillus; Desulfos, Desulfosporosinus.
- FIG 6
Geomicrobiological model of the Aha watershed profile. The model shows the roles of the major S- and Fe-related bacteria identified in the current study. The color of the arrows indicates the extent of the physiochemical parameters or geochemical process. A transition from saturated to transparent colors in a color ribbon indicates a decrease in the corresponding environmental factor from zone 1 to zone 4 and vice versa. Abbreviations: FeOB, Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria; FeRB, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria; SOB, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; SRB, sulfate-reducing bacteria; Fetot: total Fe; PPT, precipitation.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Physiochemical parameters in the water samples taken from the Aha watersheda
Sample pH Temp (°C) Eh (mV) TDS (g/liter) Conductivity (mS/cm) Salinity (‰) Fetot (mg/liter) Fe(II) (mg/liter) SO42− (mg/liter) B1 2.81 20.9 375.1 3.35 5.8 3.44 1,304 1,258 6,646 B2 2.81 25.4 419.2 3.19 6.19 3.27 1,273 971 6,838 SD1 8.1 15.5 20.8 0.251 0.422 0.25 0.015 ND 112 SD2 6.8 15.6 20.3 0.306 0.516 0.31 0.014 ND 219 SD3 8.12 15.7 35.3 0.347 0.581 0.35 0.035 ND 254 SD4 8.11 15.9 53 0.467 0.78 0.47 0.035 ND 412 SD5 7.59 18.9 60 0.269 0.487 0.27 0.015 ND 166 SD9 7.57 18.8 73.1 0.26 0.47 0.26 0.015 ND 151 SD13 7.44 17.5 −183.6 0.32 0.559 0.32 0.009 ND 157 ↵a Abbreviations: TDS, total dissolved solids; Fetot, total iron; Fe(II), ferrous; ND, not detected.
- TABLE 2
The pHs and concentrations of total nitrogen, total carbon, organic carbon, total hydrogen, and total and soluble sulfur in 11 sediment samplesa
Geographical zone Sample pH Concn (g/kg) of: TN TC TOC TS SS H Zone 1 B1 2.15 0.1974 1.2214 0.532 0.5821 0.555 0.2447 B2 2.02 0.0216 0.1426 0.136 0.5875 0.563 0.186 Zone 2 SD1 7.76 0.022 0.9281 0.249 0.0606 0.051 0.0736 SD2 7.39 0.0327 0.465 0.349 0.0417 0.029 0.1379 SD3 7.84 0.0242 1.0477 0.855 0.1219 0.081 0.1188 SD4 7.66 0.0267 1.063 0.77 0.1121 0.071 0.1236 Zone 3 SD5 7.4 0.0272 0.8025 0.262 0.0805 0.032 0.0949 SD6 6.66 0.0218 0.8003 0.633 0.1879 0.151 0.1388 SD7 6.48 0.0238 0.8687 0.675 0.1701 0.133 0.1442 SD9 7.25 0.0298 0.4697 0.271 0.1002 0.083 0.1022 Zone 4 SD13 6.86 0.053 0.7769 0.565 0.4878 0.423 0.1453 ↵a Abbreviations: TN, total nitrogen; TC, total carbon; TOC, total organic carbon; TS, total sulfur; SS, soluble sulfur; H, total hydrogen.
Supplemental material
- Supplemental file 1 -
Major elemental concentrations in the AMD sediment samples from Aha watershed (Table S1); OTU numbers and Chao1 and Shannon indices for all samples (Table S2); microbial community composition, shown as relative abundances in the AMD watershed at the phylum level (Table S3); Fe- and S-related bacteria detected in the present study and their relative abundances in the Aha watershed (Table S4); the major components of zone 1 (Fig. S1).
PDF, 630K
- Supplemental file 1 -
