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Food Microbiology

Genetic Determinants of Reutericyclin Biosynthesis in Lactobacillus reuteri

Xiaoxi B. Lin, Christopher T. Lohans, Rebbeca Duar, Jinshui Zheng, John C. Vederas, Jens Walter, Michael Gänzle
M. A. Elliot, Editor
Xiaoxi B. Lin
aDepartment of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Christopher T. Lohans
bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Rebbeca Duar
aDepartment of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
fDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Jinshui Zheng
cState Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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John C. Vederas
bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Jens Walter
aDepartment of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
eDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
fDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Michael Gänzle
aDepartment of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
dSchool of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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M. A. Elliot
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03691-14
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ABSTRACT

Reutericyclin is a unique antimicrobial tetramic acid produced by some strains of Lactobacillus reuteri. This study aimed to identify the genetic determinants of reutericyclin biosynthesis. Comparisons of the genomes of reutericyclin-producing L. reuteri strains with those of non-reutericyclin-producing strains identified a genomic island of 14 open reading frames (ORFs) including genes coding for a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), a polyketide synthase (PKS), homologues of PhlA, PhlB, and PhlC, and putative transport and regulatory proteins. The protein encoded by rtcN is composed of a condensation domain, an adenylation domain likely specific for d-leucine, and a thiolation domain. rtcK codes for a PKS that is composed of a ketosynthase domain, an acyl-carrier protein domain, and a thioesterase domain. The products of rtcA, rtcB, and rtcC are homologous to the diacetylphloroglucinol-biosynthetic proteins PhlABC and may acetylate the tetramic acid moiety produced by RtcN and RtcK, forming reutericyclin. Deletion of rtcN or rtcABC in L. reuteri TMW1.656 abrogated reutericyclin production but did not affect resistance to reutericyclin. Genes coding for transport and regulatory proteins could be deleted only in the reutericyclin-negative L. reuteri strain TMW1.656ΔrtcN, and these deletions eliminated reutericyclin resistance. The genomic analyses suggest that the reutericyclin genomic island was horizontally acquired from an unknown source during a unique event. The combination of PhlABC homologues with both an NRPS and a PKS has also been identified in the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus plantarum, suggesting that the genes in these organisms and those in L. reuteri share an evolutionary origin.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 10 November 2014.
    • Accepted 5 January 2015.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 9 January 2015.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03691-14.

  • Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Genetic Determinants of Reutericyclin Biosynthesis in Lactobacillus reuteri
Xiaoxi B. Lin, Christopher T. Lohans, Rebbeca Duar, Jinshui Zheng, John C. Vederas, Jens Walter, Michael Gänzle
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2015, 81 (6) 2032-2041; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03691-14

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Genetic Determinants of Reutericyclin Biosynthesis in Lactobacillus reuteri
Xiaoxi B. Lin, Christopher T. Lohans, Rebbeca Duar, Jinshui Zheng, John C. Vederas, Jens Walter, Michael Gänzle
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2015, 81 (6) 2032-2041; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03691-14
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