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Public and Environmental Health Microbiology

Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador

Karla Vasco, Jay P. Graham, Gabriel Trueba
C. A. Elkins, Editor
Karla Vasco
aMicrobiology Institute, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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Jay P. Graham
bMilken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Gabriel Trueba
aMicrobiology Institute, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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C. A. Elkins
FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00795-16
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ABSTRACT

Animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where small-scale livestock production is common. In this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in Ecuador between June and August 2014. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to assess zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), which were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in children and domestic animals (30.7% and 10.5%, respectively). Four sequence types (STs) of C. jejuni and four STs of aEPEC were identical between children and domestic animals. The apparent sources of human infection were chickens, dogs, guinea pigs, and rabbits for C. jejuni and pigs, dogs, and chickens for aEPEC. Other pathogens detected in children and domestic animals were Giardia lamblia (13.1%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.1%), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (2.6%). Salmonella enterica was detected in 5 dogs and Yersinia enterocolitica was identified in 1 pig. Even though we identified 7 enteric pathogens in children, we encountered evidence of active transmission between domestic animals and humans only for C. jejuni and aEPEC. We also found evidence that C. jejuni strains from chickens were more likely to be transmitted to humans than those coming from other domestic animals. Our findings demonstrate the complex nature of enteropathogen transmission between domestic animals and humans and stress the need for further studies.

IMPORTANCE We found evidence that Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia, and aEPEC organisms were the most common zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a region close to Quito, the capital of Ecuador. Genetic analysis of the isolates suggests transmission of some genotypes of C. jejuni and aEPEC from domestic animals to humans in this region. We also found that the genotypes associated with C. jejuni from chickens were present more often in children than were those from other domestic animals. The potential environmental factors associated with transmission of these pathogens to humans then are discussed.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 14 March 2016.
    • Accepted 29 April 2016.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 6 May 2016.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00795-16.

  • Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador
Karla Vasco, Jay P. Graham, Gabriel Trueba
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2016, 82 (14) 4218-4224; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00795-16

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Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador
Karla Vasco, Jay P. Graham, Gabriel Trueba
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2016, 82 (14) 4218-4224; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00795-16
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