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Microbial Ecology

Effects of Ceftiofur and Chlortetracycline on the Resistomes of Feedlot Cattle

Margaret D. Weinroth, H. Morgan Scott, Bo Norby, Guy H. Loneragan, Noelle R. Noyes, Pablo Rovira, Enrique Doster, Xiang Yang, Dale R. Woerner, Paul S. Morley, Keith E. Belk
Charles M. Dozois, Editor
Margaret D. Weinroth
aDepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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H. Morgan Scott
bDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Bo Norby
cDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Guy H. Loneragan
dDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Noelle R. Noyes
eDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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  • ORCID record for Noelle R. Noyes
Pablo Rovira
fInstituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
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Enrique Doster
eDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Xiang Yang
gDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of California—Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Dale R. Woerner
aDepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Paul S. Morley
eDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Keith E. Belk
aDepartment of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Charles M. Dozois
INRS—Institut Armand-Frappier
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00610-18
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ABSTRACT

Treatment of food-producing animals with antimicrobial drugs (AMD) is controversial because of concerns regarding promotion of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To investigate this concern, resistance genes in metagenomic bovine fecal samples during a clinical trial were analyzed to assess the impacts of treatment on beef feedlot cattle resistomes. Four groups of cattle were exposed, using a 2-by-2 factorial design, to different regimens of antimicrobial treatment. Injections of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (a third-generation cephalosporin) were used to treat all cattle in treatment pens or only a single animal, and either chlortetracycline was included in the feed of all cattle in a pen or the feed was untreated. On days 0 and 26, respectively, pre- and posttrial fecal samples were collected, and resistance genes were characterized using shotgun metagenomics. Treatment with ceftiofur was not associated with changes to β-lactam resistance genes. However, cattle fed chlortetracycline had a significant increase in relative abundance of tetracycline resistance genes. There was also an increase of an AMR class not administered during the study, which is a possible indicator of coselection of resistance genes. Samples analyzed in this study had previously been evaluated by culture characterization (Escherichia coli and Salmonella) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of metagenomic fecal DNA, which allowed comparison of results with this study. In the majority of samples, genes that were selectively enriched through culture and qPCR were not identified through shotgun metagenomic sequencing in this study, suggesting that changes previously documented did not reflect changes affecting the majority of bacterial genetic elements found in the predominant fecal resistome.

IMPORTANCE Despite significant concerns about public health implications of AMR in relation to use of AMD in food animals, there are many unknowns about the long- and short-term impact of common uses of AMD for treatment, control, and prevention of disease. Additionally, questions commonly arise regarding how to best measure and quantify AMR genes in relation to public health risks and how to determine which genes are most important. These data provide an introductory view of the utility of using shotgun metagenomic sequencing data as an outcome for clinical trials evaluating the impact of using AMD in food animals.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 15 March 2018.
    • Accepted 24 April 2018.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 4 May 2018.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00610-18.

  • Copyright © 2018 Weinroth et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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Effects of Ceftiofur and Chlortetracycline on the Resistomes of Feedlot Cattle
Margaret D. Weinroth, H. Morgan Scott, Bo Norby, Guy H. Loneragan, Noelle R. Noyes, Pablo Rovira, Enrique Doster, Xiang Yang, Dale R. Woerner, Paul S. Morley, Keith E. Belk
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2018, 84 (13) e00610-18; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00610-18

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Effects of Ceftiofur and Chlortetracycline on the Resistomes of Feedlot Cattle
Margaret D. Weinroth, H. Morgan Scott, Bo Norby, Guy H. Loneragan, Noelle R. Noyes, Pablo Rovira, Enrique Doster, Xiang Yang, Dale R. Woerner, Paul S. Morley, Keith E. Belk
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2018, 84 (13) e00610-18; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00610-18
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KEYWORDS

antibiotic resistance
antimicrobial agents
cattle
feedlot
metagenomics
postantibiotic effect

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