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Table of Contents

December 2018; Volume 84,Issue 24

Editorial

  • Free
    2018 <em>Ad Hoc</em> Reviewers
    Editorial
    2018 Ad Hoc Reviewers
    Harold L. Drake

Spotlight

  • Free
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
    Spotlight
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

Biotechnology

  • Mutations in Peptidoglycan Synthesis Gene <em>ponA</em> Improve Electrotransformation Efficiency of <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> ATCC 13869
    Biotechnology
    Mutations in Peptidoglycan Synthesis Gene ponA Improve Electrotransformation Efficiency of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13869

    Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are now the key enabling technologies for manipulating microorganisms to suit the practical outcomes desired by humankind. The introduction of exogenous DNA into cells is an indispensable step for this purpose. However, some microorganisms, including the important industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum, possess a...

    Jiao Liu, Yu Wang, Yujiao Lu, Xiaomeng Ni, Xuan Guo, Jing Zhao, Jiuzhou Chen, Taiwo Dele-Osibanjo, Ping Zheng, Jibin Sun, Yanhe Ma

Environmental Microbiology

  • Natural Compounds and Their Analogues as Potent Antidotes against the Most Poisonous Bacterial Toxin
    Environmental Microbiology | Spotlight
    Natural Compounds and Their Analogues as Potent Antidotes against the Most Poisonous Bacterial Toxin

    The long-lasting endopeptidase activity of BoNT is a critical biological activity inside the nerve cell, as it prompts proteolysis of the SNARE proteins, involved in the exocytosis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Thus, the BoNT endopeptidase activity is an appropriate clinical target for designing new small-molecule antidotes against BoNT with the potential to reverse the paralysis syndrome of botulism. In principle, small-...

    Kruti B. Patel, Shuowei Cai, Michael Adler, Brajendra K. Singh, Virinder S. Parmar, Bal Ram Singh
  • Efflux Transporter ArsK Is Responsible for Bacterial Resistance to Arsenite, Antimonite, Trivalent Roxarsone, and Methylarsenite
    Environmental Microbiology | Spotlight
    Efflux Transporter ArsK Is Responsible for Bacterial Resistance to Arsenite, Antimonite, Trivalent Roxarsone, and Methylarsenite

    The metalloid extrusion systems are very important bacterial resistance mechanisms. Each of the previously reported ArsB, Acr3, ArsP, ArsJ, and MSF1 transport proteins conferred only inorganic or organic arsenic/antimony resistance. In contrast, ArsK confers resistance to several inorganic and organic trivalent arsenicals and antimonials. The identification of the novel efflux transporter ArsK enriches our understanding of bacterial...

    Kaixiang Shi, Chan Li, Christopher Rensing, Xingli Dai, Xia Fan, Gejiao Wang
  • Carbaryl as a Carbon and Nitrogen Source: an Inducible Methylamine Metabolic Pathway at the Biochemical and Molecular Levels in <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. Strain C5pp
    Environmental Microbiology
    Carbaryl as a Carbon and Nitrogen Source: an Inducible Methylamine Metabolic Pathway at the Biochemical and Molecular Levels in Pseudomonas sp. Strain C5pp

    The degradation of xenobiotics plays a significant role in the environment to maintain ecological systems as well as to prevent the imbalance of biogeochemical cycles via carbon-nitrogen cycling. Carbaryl is the most widely used pesticide from the carbamate family. Pseudomonas sp. strain C5pp, capable of utilizing carbaryl as a carbon and nitrogen source for its growth, subsequently helps in complete remediation of carbaryl....

    Kamini, Rakesh Sharma, Narayan S. Punekar, Prashant S. Phale
  • Open Access
    Electrode Colonization by the Feammox Bacterium <em>Acidimicrobiaceae</em> sp. Strain A6
    Environmental Microbiology | Spotlight
    Electrode Colonization by the Feammox Bacterium Acidimicrobiaceae sp. Strain A6

    Most studies on electrogenic microorganisms have focused on the most abundant heterotrophs, while other microorganisms also commonly present in electrode microbial communities, such as Actinobacteria strains, have been overlooked. The novel Acidimicrobiaceae sp. strain A6 (Actinobacteria) is an iron-reducing bacterium that can colonize the surface of anodes in sediments and is linked to electrical current...

    Melany Ruiz-Urigüen, Weitao Shuai, Peter R. Jaffé

Enzymology and Protein Engineering

  • Improvement of ST0452 <em>N</em>-Acetylglucosamine-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Activity by the Cooperative Effect of Two Single Mutations Identified through Structure-Based Protein Engineering
    Enzymology and Protein Engineering
    Improvement of ST0452 N-Acetylglucosamine-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Activity by the Cooperative Effect of Two Single Mutations Identified through Structure-Based Protein Engineering

    We demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of a thermostable protein was over 4 times higher than that of the wild-type protein following substitution of a single amino acid, without affecting its thermostability. The three-dimensional structure of the improved mutant protein complexed with substrate was determined. The same overall structure and interaction between the substituted residue and the GlcNAc substrate as observed in the...

    Yuki Honda, Shogo Nakano, Sohei Ito, Mohammad Dadashipour, Zilian Zhang, Yutaka Kawarabayasi

Food Microbiology

  • Behavior of Foodborne Pathogens <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Listeria monocytogenes</span> and <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Staphylococcus aureus</span> in Mixed-Species Biofilms Exposed to Biocides
    Food Microbiology
    Behavior of Foodborne Pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in Mixed-Species Biofilms Exposed to Biocides

    This study demonstrates that foodborne pathogens can be established in mixed-species biofilms and that this can protect them from biocide action. The protection is not due to specific characteristics of the pathogen, here S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, but likely caused by specific members or...

    Virginie Oxaran, Karen Kiesbye Dittmann, Sarah H. I. Lee, Luíza Toubas Chaul, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira, Carlos Humberto Corassin, Virgínia Farias Alves, Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis, Lone Gram

Methods

  • Effective Soil Extraction Method for Cultivating Previously Uncultured Soil Bacteria
    Methods
    Effective Soil Extraction Method for Cultivating Previously Uncultured Soil Bacteria

    Both metagenomics and single-cell sequencing can detect unknown genes from uncultured microbial strains in environments, and either method may find the significant potential metabolites and roles of these strains. However, such gene/genome-based techniques do not allow detailed investigations that are possible with cultures. To solve this problem, various approaches for cultivation of uncultured bacteria have been developed, but there...

    Tuan Manh Nguyen, Chan Seo, Moongi Ji, Man-Jeong Paik, Seung-Woon Myung, Jaisoo Kim
  • Open Access
    Fluorescent Proteins, Promoters, and Selectable Markers for Applications in the Lyme Disease Spirochete <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Borrelia burgdorferi</span>
    Methods | Spotlight
    Fluorescent Proteins, Promoters, and Selectable Markers for Applications in the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

    Genetic manipulation of the Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi remains cumbersome, despite significant progress in the field. The scarcity of molecular reagents available for use in this pathogen has slowed research efforts to study its unusual biology. Of interest, B. burgdorferi displays...

    Constantin N. Takacs, Zachary A. Kloos, Molly Scott, Patricia A. Rosa, Christine Jacobs-Wagner

Microbial Ecology

  • Rhizosphere Microbial Response to Multiple Metal(loid)s in Different Contaminated Arable Soils Indicates Crop-Specific Metal-Microbe Interactions
    Microbial Ecology
    Rhizosphere Microbial Response to Multiple Metal(loid)s in Different Contaminated Arable Soils Indicates Crop-Specific Metal-Microbe Interactions

    The rhizosphere is the “hub” for plant-microbe interactions and an active region for exchange of nutrients and energy between soil and plants. In arable soils contaminated by mining activities, the rhizosphere may be an important barrier resisting metal uptake. Therefore, the responses of the rhizosphere microbiota to metal contamination involve important biogeochemical processes, which can affect metal bioavailability and thus impact...

    Weimin Sun, Enzong Xiao, Valdis Krumins, Max M. Häggblom, Yiran Dong, Zilun Pu, Baoqin Li, Qi Wang, Tangfu Xiao, Fangbai Li
  • Ubiquity and Diversity of Complete Ammonia Oxidizers (Comammox)
    Microbial Ecology
    Ubiquity and Diversity of Complete Ammonia Oxidizers (Comammox)

    The discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), which oxidize ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, refutes the century-old paradigm that nitrification requires the activity of two types of microbes and redefines a key process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Understanding the functional relationships between comammox and other nitrifiers is important for ecological studies on the nitrogen cycle. Therefore, the diversity and...

    Fei Xia, Jian-Gong Wang, Ting Zhu, Bin Zou, Sung-Keun Rhee, Zhe-Xue Quan
  • Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 on the Cariogenic Properties and Composition of a Cariogenic Multispecies Biofilm
    Microbial Ecology
    Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 on the Cariogenic Properties and Composition of a Cariogenic Multispecies Biofilm

    Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with substantial economic and quality-of-life impacts. Streptococcus mutans has been considered the principal pathogen of dental caries. To combat dental caries, an antimicrobial peptide, GH12, was designed, and its antibacterial effects on planktonic...

    Wentao Jiang, Yufei Wang, Junyuan Luo, Xinwei Li, Xuedong Zhou, Wei Li, Linglin Zhang
  • Response of the Anaerobic Methanotroph “<em>Candidatus</em> Methanoperedens nitroreducens” to Oxygen Stress
    Microbial Ecology
    Response of the Anaerobic Methanotroph “Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens” to Oxygen Stress

    “Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens” is an anaerobic archaeon which couples the reduction of nitrate to the oxidation of methane. This microorganism is present in a wide range of aquatic environments and man-made ecosystems, such as paddy fields and wastewater treatment systems. In such environments, these archaea may experience regular oxygen exposure. However, “Ca. Methanoperedens nitroreducens” is able to...

    Simon Guerrero-Cruz, Geert Cremers, Theo A. van Alen, Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Mike S. M. Jetten, Olivia Rasigraf, Annika Vaksmaa
  • A Simple <em>In Vitro</em> Gut Model for Studying the Interaction between <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> and the Intestinal Commensal Microbiota in Cecal Mucus
    Microbial Ecology | Spotlight
    A Simple In Vitro Gut Model for Studying the Interaction between Escherichia coli and the Intestinal Commensal Microbiota in Cecal Mucus

    Both commensal and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli appear to colonize the mammalian intestine by interacting physically and metabolically with other members of the microbiota in the mucus layer that overlays the cecal and colonic epithelium. However, the use of animal models and the complexity of the mammalian gut make it difficult to isolate experimental...

    Matthew E. Mokszycki, Mary Leatham-Jensen, Jon L. Steffensen, Ying Zhang, Karen A. Krogfelt, Matthew E. Caldwell, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen

Physiology

  • acI Actinobacteria Assemble a Functional Actinorhodopsin with Natively Synthesized Retinal
    Physiology
    acI Actinobacteria Assemble a Functional Actinorhodopsin with Natively Synthesized Retinal

    Microbes play critical roles in determining the quality of freshwater ecosystems, which are vital to human civilization. Because acI Actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant in freshwater lakes, clarifying their ecophysiology is a major step in determining the contributions that they make to nitrogen and carbon cycling. Without accurate knowledge of these cycles,...

    Jeffrey R. Dwulit-Smith, Joshua J. Hamilton, David M. Stevenson, Shaomei He, Ben O. Oyserman, Francisco Moya-Flores, Sarahi L. Garcia, Daniel Amador-Noguez, Katherine D. McMahon, Katrina T. Forest

Plant Microbiology

  • Open Access
    Lavender Decline in France Is Associated with Chronic Infection by Lavender-Specific Strains of “<span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Candidatus</span> Phytoplasma solani”
    Plant Microbiology
    Lavender Decline in France Is Associated with Chronic Infection by Lavender-Specific Strains of “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”

    The etiology and main pathways for the spread of lavender decline, an infectious disease affecting French lavender production since the 1960s, have remained unclear, hampering the development of efficient control strategies. An extensive survey of lavender fields led to the conclusion that “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” was chronically infecting declining lavenders...

    Olivier Sémétey, Jonathan Gaudin, Jean-Luc Danet, Pascal Salar, Sébastien Theil, Marie Fontaine, Michel Krausz, Eric Chaisse, Sandrine Eveillard, Eric Verdin, Xavier Foissac

Public and Environmental Health Microbiology

  • Primary Colonizing <em>Betaproteobacteriales</em> Play a Key Role in the Growth of <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> in Biofilms on Surfaces Exposed to Drinking Water Treated by Slow Sand Filtration
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
    Primary Colonizing Betaproteobacteriales Play a Key Role in the Growth of Legionella pneumophila in Biofilms on Surfaces Exposed to Drinking Water Treated by Slow Sand Filtration

    Proliferation of L. pneumophila in premise plumbing poses a public health threat. Extended water treatment using physicochemical and biofiltration processes, including slow sand filtration, at four surface water supplies in The Netherlands reduces the microbial growth potential of the treated water to a minimum level, and the distributed drinking water complies with...

    Dick van der Kooij, Harm R. Veenendaal, Ronald Italiaander, Ed J. van der Mark, Marco Dignum
  • Amentoflavone Ameliorates <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Streptococcus suis</span>-Induced Infection <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em>
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
    Amentoflavone Ameliorates Streptococcus suis-Induced Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

    The widespread use of antibiotics in therapy and in the prevention of Streptococcus suis infection in the swine industry raises concerns for the emergence of a resistant strain. The use of antivirulence agents has potential benefits, mainly because of the reduced selective pressure for the development of bacterial resistance. In this study, we found that amentoflavone...

    Xue Shen, Xiaodi Niu, Gen Li, Xuming Deng, Jianfeng Wang
  • Open Access
    Risk Factors for Detection, Survival, and Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant and Pathogenic <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> in Household Soils in Rural Bangladesh
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
    Risk Factors for Detection, Survival, and Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Household Soils in Rural Bangladesh

    Soil may represent a direct source or act as an intermediary for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, particularly in low-income and rural settings. Thus, determining risk factors associated with detection, growth, and long-term survival of E. coli in...

    Maria Camila Montealegre, Subarna Roy, Franziska Böni, Muhammed Iqbal Hossain, Tala Navab-Daneshmand, Lea Caduff, A. S. G. Faruque, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Timothy R. Julian

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology: 84 (24)

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  • Impact of Currently Marketed Tampons and Menstrual Cups on Staphylococcus aureus Growth and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Production In Vitro
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  • The Madness of Microbiome: Attempting To Find Consensus “Best Practice” for 16S Microbiome Studies
  • Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion Is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps
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