Editorial Board

EDITOR IN CHIEF (2021)

Harold L. Drake

University of Bayreuth

EDITORS

Haruyuki Atomi, Editor (2021)

Kyoto University

Johanna Björkroth, Editor (2023)

University of Helsinki

Isaac Cann, Editor (2022)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Charles M. Dozois, Editor (2020)

INRS—Institut Armand-Frappier

Irina S. Druzhinina, Editor (2023)

Nanjing Agricultural University

Edward G. Dudley, Editor (2020)

The Pennsylvania State University

Christopher A. Elkins, Editor (2023)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Marie A. Elliot, Editor (2019)

McMaster University

Karyn N. Johnson, Editor (2023)

University of Queensland

Robert M. Kelly, Editor (2022)

North Carolina State University

Maia Kivisaar, Editor (2022)

Tartu University

Shuang-Jiang Liu, Editor (2021)

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Emma Master, Editor (2021)

University of Toronto

Andrew J. McBain, Editor and Cover Editor (2021)

University of Manchester

Volker Müller, Editor (2019)

Goethe University Frankfurt am Main

Hideaki Nojiri, Editor (2022)

The University of Tokyo

Rebecca E. Parales, Editor (2021)

University of California—Davis

M. Julia Pettinari, Editor (2021)

University of Buenos Aires

Donald W. Schaffner, Editor (2020)

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Eric V. Stabb, Editor (2021)

University of Georgia

Alfons J. M. Stams, Editor (2020)

Wageningen University

Claire Vieille, Editor (2020)

Michigan State University

Ning-Yi Zhou, Editor (2021)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Patrick D. Schloss, Chairman, Journals Board

Stefano Bertuzzi, Chief Executive Officer

Melissa Junior, Director, Journals

Barbara S. Slinker, Production Editor

Stephanie L. D'Agostino, Assistant Production Editor

Michael E. Lerman, Assistant Production Editor

EDITORIAL BOARD

Adly M. M. Abd-Alla (2021)

Lorenz Adrian (2020)

Warish Ahmed (2019)

Denise M. Akob (2020)

Birgit E. Alber (2019)

Gladys Alexandre (2021)

Michael S. Allen (2020)

Matthew J. Arduino (2019)

Arthur I. Aronson (2021)

Fred O. Asiegbu (2019)

Shota Atsumi (2021)

Reha O. Azizoglu (2021)

Charles W. Bacon (2021)

Matthew G. Bakker (2019)

David A. Baltrus (2021)

Jeffrey A. Banas (2021)

Ravi D. Barabote (2021)

Jeri D. Barak (2019)

Brett Barney (2021)

Rodolphe Barrangou (2020)

Josefina Barrera-Cortés (2021)

Mirko Basen (2021)

Dennis A. Bazylinski (2021)

Teresa M. Bergholz (2021)

Stefan Bertilsson (2021)

Jennifer F. Biddle (2021)

Kelly A. Bidle (2019)

Gabriele Bierbaum (2020)

Linda F. Bisson (2019)

Christopher Blackwood (2019)

Sara E. Blumer-Schuette (2021)

Christopher N. Boddy (2021)

Paul L. E. Bodelier (2021)

E. Fidelma Boyd (2021)

Eric S. Boyd (2021)

Alejandra Bravo (2021)

Frederick Breidt (2020)

Nichole A. Broderick (2021)

Peter A. Bron (2020)

Harald Bruessow (2019)

Harry Brumer (2020)

Andreas Brune (2021)

Alison Buchan (2021)

Wolfgang Buckel (2019)

Bruno Bühler (2019)

Lindsey P. Burbank (2021)

William Burkhardt (2021)

Helen Y. Buse (2019)

Stefan G. Buzoianu (2020)

Douglas R. Call (2019)

Amy V. Callaghan (2021)

Cinzia Calvio (2021)

Barbara J. Campbell (2019)

Yiping Cao (2020)

Santiago Castillo (2021)

Rick Cavicchioli (2019)

Stéphane Chaillou (2021)

Woo-Suk Chang (2021)

John M. Chaston (2021)

Wilfred Chen (2021)

Yi Chen (2020)

Yuhuan Chen (2021)

Michael L. Chikindas (2019)

Ludmila Chistoserdova (2021)

Kuang-Ren Chung (2020)

Clifford G. Clark (2020)

Luca Cocolin (2020)

Nicholas V. Coleman (2020)

Donald A. Cowan (2021)

Alison M. Cupples (2019)

Hongyue Dang (2021)

Michelle Danyluk (2019)

Alexandre J. da Silva (2021)

Jennifer M. DeBruyn (2020)

Gabriele Deckers-Hebestreit (2021)

Svetlana N. Dedysh (2021)

Patrick H. Degnan (2020)

Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán (2020)

Xiangyu Deng (2021)

Zixin Deng (2019)

Tom Desmet (2021)

Eduardo Díaz (2019)

Francisco Diez-Gonzalez (2019)

Lubbert Dijkhuizen (2019)

Alan A. DiSpirito (2019)

Jayna L. Ditty (2019)

Dylan Dodd (2021)

Jan Dolfing (2021)

James S. G. Dooley (2021)

Angela E. Douglas (2019)

Doris d'Souza (2020)

Alain C. Dufour (2019)

Anne K. Dunn (2021)

Jonathan Dworkin (2020)

Elizabeth A. Edwards (2019)

Armin Ehrenreich (2019)

Patrick Y. Eichenberger (2021)

Vincent Eijsink (2021)

Mark A. Eiteman (2021)

Kathryn T. Elliott (2021)

Mostafa S. Elshahed (2021)

David Emerson (2021)

Philipp Engel (2019)

Mark Eppinger (2020)

Tobias J. Erb (2020)

Danilo Ercolini (2021)

Leonardo Erijman (2019)

Manuel Espinosa-Urgel (2021)

Øystein Evensen (2020)

Joseph O. Falkinham (2020)

Babu Z. Fathepure (2019)

J. Christopher Fenno (2019)

Juan Ferré (2019)

J. Gregory Ferry (2021)

Martin Filion (2021)

Steven E. Finkel (2019)

Steven L. Foley (2020)

Jeffrey T. Foster (2021)

Philipp Franken (2021)

Eelco Franz (2019)

Michael W. Friedrich (2021)

Jonathan G. Frye (2021)

Barbara E. Funnell (2021)

Vincenzina Fusco (2021)

Shinya Fushinobu (2021)

Victor P. J. Gannon (2019)

Michael G. Gänzle (2019)

Francisco Garcia-del Portillo (2020)

Jeffrey G. Gardner (2019)

Purushottam V. Gawande (2020)

Beilei Ge (2019)

Johannes Gescher (2021)

Kristen E. Gibson (2020)

Lisa M. Gieg (2019)

Jennifer B. Glass (2020)

Emanuel Goldman (2019)

Carlos Goller (2021)

Lisa A. Gorski (2021)

Yuval Gottlieb (2021)

David E. Graham (2020)

Jeffrey A. Gralnick (2021)

Stefan J. Green (2020)

Amy M. Grunden (2021)

Maher A. Hachem (2020)

Timothy J. Hackmann (2020)

Yitzhak Hadar (2019)

Alison Halpin (2021)

Yejun Han (2020)

Thomas E. Hanson (2021)

Eiji Haramoto (2021)

Mark E. Hart (2020)

Annele I. Hatakka (2019)

Henry S. Heine (2021)

Thorsten Heinekamp (2021)

Hermann J. Heipieper (2021)

Niels B. Hendriksen (2021)

Emily B. Hollister (2021)

Peiying Hong (2021)

Marcus A. Horn (2020)

Michael R. Hyman (2019)

Michael F. Hynes (2019)

Kiyohiko Igarashi (2019)

Michele M. Igo (2021)

Suzanne L. Ishaq (2021)

Satoshi Ishii (2021)

Yoshizumi Ishino (2021)

Masahiro Ito (2020)

Javier A. Izquierdo (2021)

Mohamed A. Jamal (2021)

Dieter Jendrossek (2021)

Francis E. Jenney (2019)

Ian Jenson (2020)

Zhongjun Jia (2020)

Jiandong Jiang (2020)

Weihong Jiang (2021)

Nianzhi Jiao (2020)

Zackary I. Johnson (2021)

Jessica L. Jones (2021)

Kou-San Ju (2020)

Juan L. Jurat-Fuentes (2019)

Klaus Jürgens (2021)

Martin Kaltenpoth (2019)

Yoichi Kamagata (2021)

Sophia Kathariou (2020)

William R. Kenealy (2021)

Albert J. Keung (2020)

Eungbin Kim (2021)

David H. Kingsley (2019)

James E. Kirby (2019)

Martin G. Klotz (2021)

Kalmia E. Kniel (2020)

Ryuichi Koga (2021)

Steffen Kolb (2020)

Nicole M. Koropatkin (2020)

Shige Koseki (2021)

Michael Y. Kosoy (2020)

Michael L. Kotewicz (2020)

Balasubrahmanyam Kottapalli (2020)

Christian P. Kubicek (2021)

Sergei V. Kuchin (2021)

Andrew Lang (2021)

Timothy M. LaPara (2021)

Gisèle LaPointe (2020)

Robert A. LaRossa (2021)

Ray A. Larsen (2021)

Peter C. K. Lau (2021)

Jared R. Leadbetter (2021)

Paulo C. Lemos (2021)

Daniel J. Lessner (2021)

Johan H. J. Leveau (2020)

Mark A. Lever (2019)

Chunhao Li (2020)

Jianrong Li (2019)

Wenli Li (2019)

Xian-Zhi Li (2021)

Steven Lindow (2019)

Xingyu Liu (2021)

Xueduan Liu (2019)

Karen G. Lloyd (2021)

John C. Londesborough (2021)

Shi-En Lu (2020)

Xiaonan Lu (2019)

Yahai Lu (2019)

Taina K. Lundell (2021)

Marciane Magnani (2021)

Mark J. Mandel (2020)

Maria L. Marco (2021)

Julia A. Maresca (2021)

Wanda Markotter (2020)

Matthew J. Marshall (2019)

Timothy E. Mattes (2020)

Ann G. Matthysse (2021)

Timothy R. McDermott (2021)

Quinn S. McFrederick (2021)

Michael J. McInerney (2019)

James McKinlay (2021)

Robert J. C. McLean (2021)

Aubrey F. Mendonca (2021)

J. Scott Meschke (2020)

Shirley Micallef (2021)

Chris H. Miller (2021)

Kathryn Milligan-Myhre (2019)

Debra L. Milton (2019)

Kentaro Miyazaki (2020)

Robert Moore (2021)

Carmen I. Moraru (2021)

Rodney A. Moxley (2019)

Jochen A. Müller (2021)

T. G. Nagaraja (2021)

Yuji Nagata (2021)

Brett A. Neilan (2020)

Irene L. G. Newton (2021)

Nancy N. Nichols (2021)

Jens Nielsen (2021)

Brendan A. Niemira (2021)

Dietrich H. Nies (2021)

Kendra K. Nightingale (2021)

Ivonne Nijenhuis (2020)

Pablo I. Nikel (2019)

Heléne Norder (2019)

Takuro Nunoura (2021)

Andrew V. Ogram (2021)

Anil Ojha (2021)

Haley F. Oliver (2019)

Kerry M. Oliver (2021)

Elizabeth A. Ottesen (2020)

Christopher D. Paddock (2020)

Kelli L. Palmer (2021)

Konstantinos Papadimitriou (2019)

E. Terry Papoutsakis (2020)

Hee-Deung Park (2020)

Ilenys M. Perez-Diaz (2021)

Steve J. Perlman (2020)

Gregg S. Pettis (2020)

Laurent Philippot (2020)

Carmen Pin (2021)

Antonio G. Pisabarro (2020)

Istvan Pocsi (2021)

David L. Popham (2021)

Qingsheng Qi (2021)

Wei Qian (2021)

Ralf Rabus (2020)

Gemma Reguera (2021)

Gregor Reid (2021)

Markus Ribbe (2021)

Peter Richard (2021)

Gary P. Richards (2020)

Jason M. Ridion (2021)

Christian Riedel (2021)

Courtney J. Robinson (2021)

Daniel D. Rockey (2019)

Jorge L. M. Rodrigues (2019)

Fernando Rojo (2019)

Michael Rother (2021)

Denis Roy (2020)

Patricia Ruas-Madiedo (2019)

Knut Rudi (2019)

Irene Salinas (2019)

Irene Sánchez-Andrea (2019)

Robert A. Sanford (2021)

Daisuke Sano (2021)

Anderson S. Sant'Ana (2021)

Brian D. Sauders (2019)

R. Gary Sawers (2020)

Birgit E. Scharf (2020)

Herb E. Schellhorn (2019)

Bernhard Schink (2021)

John W. Schmidt (2019)

Michael G. Schmidt (2021)

Monika Schmoll (2020)

Hildgund Schrempf (2020)

Yuji Sekiguchi (2021)

Jeremy D. Semrau (2020)

John M. Senko (2021)

Peter Setlow (2021)

Luca Settanni (2019)

Robert M. Q. Shanks (2021)

Manan Sharma (2021)

Umender Sharma (2021)

Thomas J. Sharpton (2019)

Cody S. Sheik (2019)

Xihui Shen (2020)

Masaki Shintani (2020)

Joshua D. Shrout (2021)

Mark W. Silby (2021)

Mitchell H. Singer (2020)

Steven W. Singer (2021)

Brajesh K. Singh (2020)

Matthias Sipiczki (2019)

Panos N. Skandamis (2019)

Evan W. Skowronski (2021)

J. Leif Smith (2019)

Mario Soberon (2021)

Helena M. Solo-Gabriele (2021)

Greg A. Somerville (2020)

Stephen Spiro (2019)

Lisa Y. Stein (2019)

Alexander Steinbüchel (2020)

Laura Steindler (2019)

Roger Stephan (2020)

Ann M. Stevens (2019)

Brian Stevenson (2019)

George C. Stewart (2021)

Jill R. Stewart (2021)

Michael R. Strand (2019)

Laura K. Strawn (2019)

Wolfgang R. Streit (2021)

Garret Suen (2019)

Xingmin Sun (2021)

Matt D. Sweeney (2019)

Teruhiro Takabe (2019)

Ben D. Tall (2020)

Takuji Tanaka (2021)

Bing Tang (2021)

Ralph S. Tanner (2020)

Gerald W. Tannock (2020)

Miguel C. Teixeira (2020)

Sam R. Telford (2021)

Casey M. Theriot (2019)

Michael G. Thomas (2021)

Linda S. Thomashow (2021)

Kai M. Thormann (2020)

Thomas Thurnheer (2021)

Ming Tien (2021)

Nicolas Toro Garcia (2020)

César I. Torres (2021)

Effie Tsakalidou (2019)

Masataka Tsuda (2021)

Takeharu Tsuge (2021)

Hidetoshi Urakawa (2020)

Jan-Peter van Pijkeren (2021)

Cristian Varela (2021)

Michael L. Vasil (2019)

Marco Ventura (2021)

Karen L. Visick (2019)

Dmitriy V. Volokhov (2021)

Julia A. Vorholt (2021)

Stéphane Vuilleumier (2021)

Judy D. Wall (2021)

Gejiao Wang (2021)

Keith Warriner (2020)

J. Scott Weese (2021)

David Weller (2021)

Derek H. Wells (2021)

Cornelia Welte (2020)

Tingyi Wen (2021)

Volker F. Wendisch (2021)

Steven W. Wilhelm (2021)

Kurt E. Williamson (2020)

Gideon M. Wolfaardt (2019)

Benjamin E. Wolfe (2020)

Randy W. Worobo (2019)

Qinglong Wu (2021)

Chuanwu Xi (2020)

Yi Xiao (2021)

Luying Xun (2021)

S. Steve Yan (2019)

Liang Yang (2019)

X. Frank Yang (2021)

Bo Yu (2021)

Daniel R. Zeigler (2021)

Karsten Zengler (2020)

Wei Zhang (2021)

Yu-Zhong Zhang (2020)

Jiangchao Zhao (2019)

Erik R. Zinser (2019)

Sergey B. Zotchev (2021)

Peter A. Zuber (2020)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 1098-5536), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microorganisms.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology became an online-only journal with volume 82, issue 1 (January 2016). The final print version was volume 81, issue 24 (December 2015). Previous print ISSN: 0099-2240.

Instructions to Authors are updated throughout the year. The current version is available on the journal website. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published twice monthly, one volume per year. For subscription prices, contact the Subscriptions Unit, ASM (asmjournals{at}subscriptionoffice.com). Correspondence relating to reprint orders should be directed to ASM Author Services (ASM.AuthorServicesSupport{at}cenveo.com), and correspondence relating to disposition of submitted manuscripts, proofs, and general editorial matters should be directed to the Journals Department, American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904. Phone: (202) 737-3600 (see https://journals.asm.org/content/contact-us). ASM policies for permissions, commercial reprints, and ePrints can be found at https://journals.asm.org/content/permissions.

CODEN: AEMIDF

doi:10.1128/AEM.masthead.85-10