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Public and Environmental Health Microbiology

Effective Surveillance Using Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157

Kenichi Lee, Hidemasa Izumiya, Sunao Iyoda, Makoto Ohnishi
Charles M. Dozois, Editor
Kenichi Lee
aDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Hidemasa Izumiya
aDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Sunao Iyoda
aDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Makoto Ohnishi
aDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Charles M. Dozois
INRS—Institut Armand-Frappier
Roles: Editor
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00728-19
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  • FIG 1
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    FIG 1

    Deleted region around mutS in the isolates used in this study. Closed arrows indicate the presence of the gene, and open arrows indicate the absence of the gene. The genes where the junction is located are highlighted in black. The number represents the nucleotide position in the reference strain Sakai.

  • FIG 2
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    FIG 2

    Phylogenetic tree of all strains used in this study. The tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates (42) using a concatenated SNP alignment after removal of recombinant regions. The color of the branch and of the first ring indicates the MLVA group. The color of the second ring indicates the locus variant (LV) in each MLVA group: SLV, single locus variants; DLV, double locus variants; and TLV, triple locus variants.

  • FIG 3
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    FIG 3

    Histogram of pairwise SNP distances between the epi-linked isolates.

  • FIG 4
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    FIG 4

    Box plots of pairwise SNPs stratified by MLVA allele difference. From the pairwise data matrix of all the isolates, two distance values (cgSNP and MLVA allele difference) were generated. This figure illustrates the relationship of the values. The x axis represents the number of MLVA allele differences. In each value, the number of pairwise cgSNP loci was shown as a box plot (y axis). Circles and crosses represent outliers and means, respectively. The first and third quartile and the maximum and minimum values without outliers are shown. Prop., proportion.

  • FIG 5
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    FIG 5

    Histogram showing the relationship between the number of SNP loci and interval of isolation date. This figure was generated using cgSNP results of the isolate pairs that have zero or one MLVA allele difference.

  • FIG 6
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    FIG 6

    Box plots of pairwise difference of cgMLST allele stratified by MLVA allele difference. From the pairwise data matrix of all the isolates, two distance values (cgMLST and MLVA allele difference) were generated. This figure illustrates the relationship of the values. The x axis represents the number of MLVA allele differences. In each value, the number of cgMLST allele differences was shown as a box plot (y axis). Circles and crosses represent outliers and means, respectively. The first and third quartile and the maximum and minimum values without outliers are shown. Prop., proportion.

  • FIG 7
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    FIG 7

    Histogram of pairwise cgMLST allele differences between epi-linked isolates.

  • FIG 8
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    FIG 8

    Schematic view of EHEC O157 surveillance workflow using MLVA and WGS analyses. The colored ellipses represent EHEC O157 isolates of different MLVA types. The maximum time required for the analysis is shown on the right.

Tables

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  • TABLE 1

    Number of isolates of each MLVA group

    MLVA groupIndex MLVA type IDNo. of isolates ofa:
    IndexSLVDLVTLV
    G113m0551561017
    G215m027839902
    G316m011026200
    G417m0121416242
    G513m01571811610
    G613m06943618196
    G714m00045942
    • ↵a Index, index MLVA type; SLV, single locus variant; DLV, double locus variant; TLV, triple locus variant.

Additional Files

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      Fig. S1 to S7

      PDF, 1.5M

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      Table S1

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      Table S2

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Effective Surveillance Using Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157
Kenichi Lee, Hidemasa Izumiya, Sunao Iyoda, Makoto Ohnishi EHEC Working Group
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2019, 85 (17) e00728-19; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00728-19

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Effective Surveillance Using Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157
Kenichi Lee, Hidemasa Izumiya, Sunao Iyoda, Makoto Ohnishi EHEC Working Group
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2019, 85 (17) e00728-19; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00728-19
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    • ABSTRACT
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KEYWORDS

core genome SNP analysis
core genome multilocus sequence typing
enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis
whole-genome sequencing

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