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Genetics and Molecular Biology | Spotlight

A Single Transcription Factor (PDD1) Determines Development and Yield of Winter Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes)

Taju Wu, Chengcheng Hu, Baogui Xie, Long Zhang, Shujie Yan, Wei Wang, Yongxin Tao, Shaojie Li
Irina S. Druzhinina, Editor
Taju Wu
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chengcheng Hu
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Baogui Xie
Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Long Zhang
Shandong Jinniu Biotech Company Limited, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Shujie Yan
GT BIO-Technology (Beijing) Company Limited, Beijing, China
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Wei Wang
Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Yongxin Tao
Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Shaojie Li
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Irina S. Druzhinina
Nanjing Agricultural University
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01735-19
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ABSTRACT

Most of the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated or have low yield under industrial conditions, partially due to the lack of knowledge on how basidioma (fruiting body) development is regulated. From winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), one of the most popular industrially cultivated mushrooms, a transcription factor, PDD1, with a high-mobility group (HMG)-box domain was identified based on its increased transcription during basidioma development. pdd1 knockdown by RNA interference affected vegetative growth and dramatically impaired basidioma development. A strain with an 89.9% reduction in the level of pdd1 transcription failed to produce primordia, while overexpression of pdd1 promoted basidioma development. When the transcriptional level of pdd1 was increased to 5 times the base level, the mushroom cultivation time was shortened by 9.8% and the yield was increased by at least 33%. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that pdd1 knockdown downregulated 331 genes and upregulated 463 genes. PDD1 positively regulated several genes related to fruiting, including 6 pheromone receptor-encoding genes, 3 jacalin-related lectin-encoding genes, FVFD16, and 2 FVFD16 homolog-encoding genes. PDD1 is a novel transcription factor with regulatory function in basidioma development found in industrially cultivated mushrooms. Since its orthologs are widely present in fungal species of the Basidiomycota phylum, PDD1 might have important application prospects in mushroom breeding.

IMPORTANCE Mushrooms are sources of food and medicine and provide abundant nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, most of the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated commercially due to the limited understanding of basidioma development. From winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes; also known as Enokitake), one of the most commonly cultivated mushrooms, we identified a novel transcription factor, PDD1, positively regulating basidioma development. PDD1 increases expression during basidioma development. Artificially increasing its expression promoted basidioma formation and dramatically increased mushroom yield, while reducing its expression dramatically impaired its development. In its PDD1 overexpression mutants, mushroom number, height, yield, and biological efficiency were significantly increased. PDD1 regulates the expression of some genes that are important in or related to basidioma development. PDD1 is the first identified transcription factor with defined functions in mushroom development among commercially cultivated mushroom species, and it might be useful in mushroom breeding.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 30 July 2019.
    • Accepted 9 October 2019.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 11 October 2019.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01735-19.

  • Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology.

All Rights Reserved.

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A Single Transcription Factor (PDD1) Determines Development and Yield of Winter Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes)
Taju Wu, Chengcheng Hu, Baogui Xie, Long Zhang, Shujie Yan, Wei Wang, Yongxin Tao, Shaojie Li
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2019, 85 (24) e01735-19; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01735-19

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A Single Transcription Factor (PDD1) Determines Development and Yield of Winter Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes)
Taju Wu, Chengcheng Hu, Baogui Xie, Long Zhang, Shujie Yan, Wei Wang, Yongxin Tao, Shaojie Li
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2019, 85 (24) e01735-19; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01735-19
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KEYWORDS

sexual development
HMG-box
basidioma
Flammulina velutipes

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