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Public and Environmental Health Microbiology

Population Genetics and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Western Jackdaws and Game Birds in Finland

Sara Kovanen, Mirko Rossi, Mari Pohja-Mykrä, Timo Nieminen, Mirja Raunio-Saarnisto, Mikaela Sauvala, Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Marja-Liisa Hänninen, Rauni Kivistö
Edward G. Dudley, Editor
Sara Kovanen
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mirko Rossi
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mari Pohja-Mykrä
Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Timo Nieminen
Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Mirja Raunio-Saarnisto
EVIRA, Finnish Food Safety Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Mikaela Sauvala
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Marja-Liisa Hänninen
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Rauni Kivistö
Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Edward G. Dudley
The Pennsylvania State University
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DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02365-18
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ABSTRACT

Poultry are considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, but the roles of environmental reservoirs, including wild birds, have not been assessed in depth. In this study, we isolated and characterized Campylobacter jejuni from western jackdaws (n = 91, 43%), mallard ducks (n = 82, 76%), and pheasants (n = 9, 9%). Most of the western jackdaw and mallard duck C. jejuni isolates represented multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (STs) that diverged from those previously isolated from human patients and various animal species, whereas all pheasant isolates represented ST-19, a common ST among human patients and other hosts worldwide. Whole-genome MLST revealed that mallard duck ST-2314 and pheasant ST-19 isolates represented bacterial clones that were genetically highly similar to human isolates detected previously. Further analyses revealed that in addition to a divergent ClonalFrame genealogy, certain genomic characteristics of the western jackdaw C. jejuni isolates, e.g., a novel cdtABC gene cluster and the type VI secretion system (T6SS), may affect their host specificity and virulence. Game birds may thus pose a risk for acquiring campylobacteriosis; therefore, hygienic measures during slaughter and meat handling warrant special attention.

IMPORTANCE The roles of environmental reservoirs, including wild birds, in the molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni have not been assessed in depth. Our results showed that game birds may pose a risk for acquiring campylobacteriosis, because they had C. jejuni genomotypes highly similar to human isolates detected previously. Therefore, hygienic measures during slaughter and meat handling warrant special attention. On the contrary, a unique phylogeny was revealed for the western jackdaw isolates, and certain genomic characteristics identified among these isolates are hypothesized to affect their host specificity and virulence. Comparative genomics within sequence types (STs), using whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST), and phylogenomics are efficient methods to analyze the genomic relationships of C. jejuni isolates.

FOOTNOTES

    • Received 26 September 2018.
    • Accepted 8 December 2018.
    • Accepted manuscript posted online 14 December 2018.
  • Supplemental material for this article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02365-18.

  • Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology.

All Rights Reserved.

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Population Genetics and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Western Jackdaws and Game Birds in Finland
Sara Kovanen, Mirko Rossi, Mari Pohja-Mykrä, Timo Nieminen, Mirja Raunio-Saarnisto, Mikaela Sauvala, Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Marja-Liisa Hänninen, Rauni Kivistö
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Feb 2019, 85 (4) e02365-18; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02365-18

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Population Genetics and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Western Jackdaws and Game Birds in Finland
Sara Kovanen, Mirko Rossi, Mari Pohja-Mykrä, Timo Nieminen, Mirja Raunio-Saarnisto, Mikaela Sauvala, Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Marja-Liisa Hänninen, Rauni Kivistö
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Feb 2019, 85 (4) e02365-18; DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02365-18
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KEYWORDS

Campylobacter jejuni
antimicrobial resistance
comparative genomics
cytolethal distending toxin
mallard duck
pheasant
public health
western jackdaw
whole-genome sequencing

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Print ISSN: 0099-2240; Online ISSN: 1098-5336