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Table of Contents

July 2020; Volume 86,Issue 14

Spotlight

  • Free
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
    Spotlight
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

Minireview

  • Microbial Dynamics in Traditional and Modern Sour Beer Production
    Minireview
    Microbial Dynamics in Traditional and Modern Sour Beer Production

    Traditional sour beers are produced by spontaneous fermentations involving numerous yeast and bacterial species. One of the traits that separates sour beers from ales and lagers is the high concentration of organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which results in reduced pH and increased acidic taste. Several challenges complicate the production of sour beers through traditional methods. These include poor process control,...

    Anna Dysvik, Sabina Leanti La Rosa, Gert De Rouck, Elling-Olav Rukke, Bjørge Westereng, Trude Wicklund

Biodegradation

  • Insights into the Function and Horizontal Transfer of Isoproturon Degradation Genes (<em>pdmAB</em>) in a Biobed System
    Biodegradation
    Insights into the Function and Horizontal Transfer of Isoproturon Degradation Genes (pdmAB) in a Biobed System

    Our study provides novel insights into the interactions of IPU with the bacterial community of biobed systems, reinforces the assumption of a transposable nature of IPU-degrading genes, and verifies that on-farm biobed systems are hot spots for the evolution of pesticide catabolic traits.

    Veronika Storck, Sara Gallego, Sotirios Vasileiadis, Sabir Hussain, Jérémie Béguet, Nadine Rouard, Céline Baguelin, Chiara Perruchon, Marion Devers-Lamrani, Dimitrios G. Karpouzas, Fabrice Martin-Laurent
  • Deglycosylation of the Isoflavone <em>C</em>-Glucoside Puerarin by a Combination of Two Recombinant Bacterial Enzymes and 3-Oxo-Glucose
    Biodegradation
    Deglycosylation of the Isoflavone C-Glucoside Puerarin by a Combination of Two Recombinant Bacterial Enzymes and 3-Oxo-Glucose

    One important role of the gut microbiota is to metabolize dietary nutrients and supplements such as flavonoid glycosides. Ingested glycosides are metabolized by intestinal bacteria to more-absorbable aglycones and further degradation products that show beneficial effects in humans. Although numerous glycoside hydrolases that catalyze O-deglycosylation have been reported, enzymes responsible for C-deglycosylation are...

    Kenichi Nakamura, Shu Zhu, Katsuko Komatsu, Masao Hattori, Makoto Iwashima

Biotechnology

  • Changes in the Microbiome of Mariculture Feed Organisms after Treatment with a Potentially Probiotic Strain of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Phaeobacter inhibens</span>
    Biotechnology
    Changes in the Microbiome of Mariculture Feed Organisms after Treatment with a Potentially Probiotic Strain of Phaeobacter inhibens

    This work is an essential part of the risk assessment of the application of roseobacters as probiotics in mariculture. It provides insights into the impact of TDA-producing Phaeobacter inhibens on the commensal bacteria related to mariculture live feed and fish larvae. Also, the study provides a sequencing-based characterization of the microbiomes related to...

    Karen K. Dittmann, Bastian Barker Rasmussen, Jette Melchiorsen, Eva C. Sonnenschein, Lone Gram, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia
  • Chromosome Engineering To Generate Plasmid-Free Phenylalanine- and Tyrosine-Overproducing <em>Escherichia coli</em> Strains That Can Be Applied in the Generation of Aromatic-Compound-Producing Bacteria
    Biotechnology
    Chromosome Engineering To Generate Plasmid-Free Phenylalanine- and Tyrosine-Overproducing Escherichia coli Strains That Can Be Applied in the Generation of Aromatic-Compound-Producing Bacteria

    Plasmid-free strains for aromatic compound production are desired in the aspect of industrial application. However, the yields of phenylalanine and tyrosine have been considerably lower in plasmid-free strains than in plasmid-based strains. The significance of this research is that we succeeded in generating superior plasmid-free phenylalanine- and tyrosine-producing strains by engineering the...

    Daisuke Koma, Takahiro Kishida, Eisuke Yoshida, Hiroyuki Ohashi, Hayato Yamanaka, Kunihiko Moriyoshi, Eiji Nagamori, Takashi Ohmoto
  • Ethanol Metabolism Dynamics in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridium ljungdahlii</span> Grown on Carbon Monoxide
    Biotechnology
    Ethanol Metabolism Dynamics in Clostridium ljungdahlii Grown on Carbon Monoxide

    Ethanol production from carbon monoxide (CO) as a carbon and energy source by Clostridium ljungdahlii and “Clostridium autoethanogenum” is currently being commercialized. During gas fermentation, ethanol synthesis is NADH-dependent. However, ethanol oxidation and its regulatory mechanism remain...

    Zi-Yong Liu, De-Chen Jia, Kun-Di Zhang, Hai-Feng Zhu, Quan Zhang, Wei-Hong Jiang, Yang Gu, Fu-Li Li
  • Open Access
    Ancestral Resurrection and Directed Evolution of Fungal Mesozoic Laccases
    Biotechnology | Spotlight
    Ancestral Resurrection and Directed Evolution of Fungal Mesozoic Laccases

    The broad variety of biotechnological uses of fungal laccases is beyond doubt (food, textiles, pulp and paper, pharma, biofuels, cosmetics, and bioremediation), and protein engineering (in particular, directed evolution) has become the key driver for adaptation of these enzymes to harsh industrial conditions. Usually, the first requirement for directed laccase evolution is heterologous expression, which presents an important hurdle and...

    Bernardo J. Gomez-Fernandez, Valeria A. Risso, Andres Rueda, Jose M. Sanchez-Ruiz, Miguel Alcalde
  • A Sensitive Magnetic Arsenite-Specific Biosensor Hosted in Magnetotactic Bacteria
    Biotechnology
    A Sensitive Magnetic Arsenite-Specific Biosensor Hosted in Magnetotactic Bacteria

    Whole-cell biosensors based on reporter genes can be designed for heavy metal detection but often require the optimization of their sensitivity and specific adaptations for practical use in the field. Magnetotactic bacteria as cellular hosts for biosensors are interesting models, as their intrinsic magnetism permits them to be easily concentrated and entrapped to increase the arsenic-response signal. This paves the way for the...

    Anissa Dieudonné, Sandra Prévéral, David Pignol

Environmental Microbiology

  • Immobilization of Phosphatidylserine by Ethanol and Lysozyme on the Cell Surface for Evaluation of Apoptosis-Like Decay in Activated-Sludge Bacteria
    Environmental Microbiology
    Immobilization of Phosphatidylserine by Ethanol and Lysozyme on the Cell Surface for Evaluation of Apoptosis-Like Decay in Activated-Sludge Bacteria

    Since the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) is considered a crucial characteristic of apoptosis, we sought to identify apoptosis-like decay in bacterial cells by PS staining using AVF. We show that this is possible, provided the bacteria are pretreated with ethanol plus lysozyme to remove a physical staining barrier and preserve the original, decay-related externalization of PS. Our work suggests that PS externalization occurs...

    Ben Chen, Yasi Zhao, Zemin Li, Jianxin Pan, Haizhen Wu, Guanglei Qiu, Chunhua Feng, Chaohai Wei
  • Several <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Metarhizium</span> Species Produce Ergot Alkaloids in a Condition-Specific Manner
    Environmental Microbiology | Spotlight
    Several Metarhizium Species Produce Ergot Alkaloids in a Condition-Specific Manner

    Our discovery of ergot alkaloids in fungi of the genus Metarhizium has agricultural and pharmaceutical implications. Ergot alkaloids produced by other fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae accumulate in forage grasses or grain crops; in this context they are considered toxins, though their presence also may deter or kill insect pests. Our data report ergot alkaloids in...

    Caroline E. Leadmon, Jessi K. Sampson, Matthew D. Maust, Angie M. Macias, Stephen A. Rehner, Matthew T. Kasson, Daniel G. Panaccione
  • Can Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria Be Distinguished by Sensory Protein Abundance?
    Environmental Microbiology
    Can Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria Be Distinguished by Sensory Protein Abundance?

    Sensory proteins (SPs) act as sensors and actuators for a cell and participate in important mechanisms pertaining to bacterial survival, adaptation, and virulence. Therefore, bacterial species residing in similar ecological niches or those sharing common pathotypes are expected to exhibit similar SP signatures. We have investigated profiles of SPs in different species of ...

    Subhrajit Bhar, Tungadri Bose, Sharmila S. Mande
  • Open Access
    Short- and Long-Term Transcriptomic Responses of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> to Biocides: a Systems Analysis
    Environmental Microbiology | Spotlight
    Short- and Long-Term Transcriptomic Responses of Escherichia coli to Biocides: a Systems Analysis

    Antiseptics and disinfectant products are of great importance to control and eliminate pathogens, especially in settings such as hospitals and the food industry. Such products are widely distributed and frequently poorly regulated. Occasional outbreaks have been associated with microbes resistant to such compounds, and researchers have indicated potential cross-resistance with antibiotics. Despite that, there are many gaps in knowledge...

    Beatriz Merchel Piovesan Pereira, Xiaokang Wang, Ilias Tagkopoulos
  • ABC Transporter DerAB of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Lactobacillus casei</span> Mediates Resistance against Insect-Derived Defensins
    Environmental Microbiology
    ABC Transporter DerAB of Lactobacillus casei Mediates Resistance against Insect-Derived Defensins

    Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in suppressing the growth of microorganisms. They can be produced by bacteria themselves—to inhibit competitors—but are also widely distributed in higher eukaryotes, including insects and mammals, where they form an important component of innate immunity. In low-GC-content Gram-positive bacteria, BceAB-like transporters play a crucial role in AMP resistance but have so far been...

    Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos, Qian Zhang, Christoph Loderer, Cristina Alcántara, Ariane Müller, Mohammad Rahnamaeian, Andreas Vilcinskas, Susanne Gebhard, Manuel Zúñiga, Thorsten Mascher

Food Microbiology

  • Open Access
    In-Depth Longitudinal Study of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Listeria monocytogenes</span> ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
    Food Microbiology
    In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

    Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment, and certain types can be established in food factories. The sequence type ST9 dominates in meat processing environments, and this work was undertaken to obtain data needed for the tracking of this subtype. By using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we revealed the presence of...

    Annette Fagerlund, Solveig Langsrud, Trond Møretrø
  • Inactivation Kinetics and Membrane Potential of Pathogens in Soybean Curd Subjected to Pulsed Ohmic Heating Depending on Applied Voltage and Duty Ratio
    Food Microbiology
    Inactivation Kinetics and Membrane Potential of Pathogens in Soybean Curd Subjected to Pulsed Ohmic Heating Depending on Applied Voltage and Duty Ratio

    High-water-activity food products, such as soybean curd, are vulnerable to microbial contamination, which causes fatal foodborne diseases and food spoilage. Inactivating microorganisms inside food is difficult because the transfer of thermal energy is slower inside than it is outside the food. POH is an adequate sterilization technique because of its rapid and uniform heating without causing electrode corrosion. To elucidate the...

    Eun-Rae Cho, Sang-Soon Kim, Dong-Hyun Kang

Genetics and Molecular Biology

  • Interactions of GMP with Human Glrx3 and with <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</span> Grx3 and Grx4 Converge in the Regulation of the Gcn2 Pathway
    Genetics and Molecular Biology | Spotlight
    Interactions of GMP with Human Glrx3 and with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx3 and Grx4 Converge in the Regulation of the Gcn2 Pathway

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an optimal eukaryotic microbial model to study biological processes in higher organisms despite the divergence in evolution. The molecular function of yeast glutaredoxins Grx3 and Grx4 is enormously interesting, since both proteins are required to maintain correct iron homeostasis and an efficient response to oxidative stress. The human...

    Mónica A. Mechoud, Nuria Pujol-Carrion, Sandra Montella-Manuel, Maria Angeles de la Torre-Ruiz
  • Histone-like Nucleoid-Structuring Protein (H-NS) Paralogue StpA Activates the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System against Natural Transformation in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span>
    Genetics and Molecular Biology
    Histone-like Nucleoid-Structuring Protein (H-NS) Paralogue StpA Activates the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System against Natural Transformation in Escherichia coli

    StpA is normally considered a molecular backup of the nucleoid-structuring protein H-NS, which was reported as a transcriptional repressor of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system in Escherichia coli. However, the role of StpA in regulating the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system remains elusive. Our previous work uncovered a new route for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) entry during...

    Dongchang Sun, Xudan Mao, Mingyue Fei, Ziyan Chen, Tingheng Zhu, Juanping Qiu
  • Transformation of the <em>Drosophila</em> Sex-Manipulative Endosymbiont <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Spiroplasma poulsonii</span> and Persisting Hurdles for Functional Genetic Studies
    Genetics and Molecular Biology
    Transformation of the Drosophila Sex-Manipulative Endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii and Persisting Hurdles for Functional Genetic Studies

    Dozens of bacterial endosymbiont species have been described and estimated to infect about half of all insect species. However, only a few them are tractable in vitro, which hampers our understanding of the bacterial determinants of the host-symbiont interaction. Developing a transformation method for S. poulsonii is a major step toward genomic engineering of this symbiont, which will foster basic research on...

    Florent Masson, Fanny Schüpfer, Chloé Jollivet, Bruno Lemaitre

Invertebrate Microbiology

  • Sea Cucumber Intestinal Regeneration Reveals Deterministic Assembly of the Gut Microbiome
    Invertebrate Microbiology | Spotlight
    Sea Cucumber Intestinal Regeneration Reveals Deterministic Assembly of the Gut Microbiome

    The gut microbiome is pertinent to many aspects of animal health, and there is a great need for natural but tractable experimental systems to examine the processes shaping gut microbiome assembly. Here, the holothurian (sea cucumber) Sclerodactyla briareus was explored as an experimental system to study microbial colonization in the gut, as S. briareus individuals have the ability to completely eviscerate and rapidly...

    Brooke L. Weigel

Methods

  • Xylose-Inducible Promoter Tools for <em>Pseudomonas</em> Species and Their Use in Implicating a Role for the Type II Secretion System Protein XcpQ in the Inhibition of Corneal Epithelial Wound Closure
    Methods
    Xylose-Inducible Promoter Tools for Pseudomonas Species and Their Use in Implicating a Role for the Type II Secretion System Protein XcpQ in the Inhibition of Corneal Epithelial Wound Closure

    Pseudomonas species are enormously important in human infections, in biotechnology, and as model systems for investigating basic science questions. In this study, we have developed a xylose-inducible promoter system, evaluated it in P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens, and found it to be...

    Jake D. Callaghan, Nicholas A. Stella, Kara M. Lehner, Benjamin R. Treat, Kimberly M. Brothers, Anthony J. St. Leger, Robert M. Q. Shanks

Microbial Ecology

  • Contrasting Patterns in Diversity and Community Assembly of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Phragmites australis</span> Root-Associated Bacterial Communities from Different Seasons
    Microbial Ecology
    Contrasting Patterns in Diversity and Community Assembly of Phragmites australis Root-Associated Bacterial Communities from Different Seasons

    Understanding the composition and assembly mechanisms of root-associated microbial communities of plants is crucial for understanding the interactions between plants and soil. Most previous studies of the plant root-associated microbiome focused on model and economic plants, with fewer temporal or seasonal investigations. The assembly mechanisms of root-associated bacterial communities in different seasons remain poorly known,...

    Rujia He, Jin Zeng, Dayong Zhao, Rui Huang, Zhongbo Yu, Qinglong L. Wu
  • Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Prevents Dental Caries by Regulating Dental Plaque Microbiota
    Microbial Ecology
    Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Prevents Dental Caries by Regulating Dental Plaque Microbiota

    The anticaries effects and microecological regulation effects of the antimicrobial peptide GH12 were evaluated systematically in vitro and in vivo. GH12 inhibited the cariogenic virulence of dental plaque without overintervening in the microbial ecology of healthy individuals in vitro. GH12 regulated the microbial ecology of dental plaque to a certain extent in vivo under cariogenic conditions,...

    Wentao Jiang, Yufei Wang, Junyuan Luo, Xiangshu Chen, Yuhao Zeng, Xinwei Li, Zening Feng, Linglin Zhang

Plant Microbiology

  • Open Access
    A Framework for the Selection of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Based on Bacterial Competence Mechanisms
    Plant Microbiology
    A Framework for the Selection of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Based on Bacterial Competence Mechanisms

    Numerous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been inoculated into the soil with the aim of improving the supply of nutrients to crop plants and decreasing the requirement of chemical fertilizers. However, sometimes these microbes fail to competitively colonize the plant roots and rhizosphere. Hence, the plant growth promotion effect is not observed. Here, we describe a new screening strategy aiming at the selection of more...

    Carol V. Amaya-Gómez, Mario Porcel, Leyanis Mesa-Garriga, Martha I. Gómez-Álvarez

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology: 86 (14)

In This Issue

volume 86, issue 14
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  • Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soils of Switchgrass Harvested for Bioenergy
  • Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation
  • Following Coffee Production from Cherries to Cup: Microbiological and Metabolomic Analysis of Wet Processing of Coffea arabica
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