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Table of Contents

August 2020; Volume 86,Issue 15

Spotlight

  • Free
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue
    Spotlight
    Articles of Significant Interest in This Issue

Biodegradation

  • The Sterol Carrier Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Enhances the Metabolism of Phytosterols by <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mycobacterium neoaurum</span>
    Biodegradation
    The Sterol Carrier Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Enhances the Metabolism of Phytosterols by Mycobacterium neoaurum

    Phytosterols from soybean are low-cost by-products of soybean oil production and, owing to their good bioavailability in mycobacteria, are preferred as the substrates for steroid drug production via biotransformation by Mycobacterium. However, the low level of production of steroid hormone drugs due to the low aqueous solubility (below 0.1 mmol/liter) of phytosterols limits the commercial use of sterol-transformed strains. To...

    Liqiu Su, Shuangping Xu, Yanbing Shen, Menglei Xia, Xiaoxian Ren, Lifang Wang, Zhihua Shang, Min Wang
  • Microbial Degradation of Pyridine: a Complete Pathway in <em>Arthrobacter</em> sp. Strain 68b Deciphered
    Biodegradation | Spotlight
    Microbial Degradation of Pyridine: a Complete Pathway in Arthrobacter sp. Strain 68b Deciphered

    The biodegradation pathway of pyridine, a notorious toxicant, is relatively unexplored, as no genetic data related to this process have ever been presented. In this paper, we describe the plasmid-borne pyr gene cluster, which includes the complete set of genes responsible for the degradation of pyridine. A key enzyme, the monooxygenase PyrA, which is responsible for the first step of the catabolic pathway, performs an oxidative...

    Vida Časaitė, Rūta Stanislauskienė, Justas Vaitekūnas, Daiva Tauraitė, Rasa Rutkienė, Renata Gasparavičiūtė, Rolandas Meškys
  • The 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-Naphthoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase Reaction in the Anaerobic Degradation of Naphthalene and Identification of Downstream Metabolites
    Biodegradation
    The 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-Naphthoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase Reaction in the Anaerobic Degradation of Naphthalene and Identification of Downstream Metabolites

    Anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is poorly investigated despite its significance in anoxic sediments. Using alternative electron donors for the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoyl-CoA reductase reaction, we observed intermediary metabolites of anaerobic naphthalene degradation via in vitro enzyme assays with cell extracts of anaerobic naphthalene degraders. The identified metabolites provide evidence that...

    Philip Weyrauch, Isabelle Heker, Andrey V. Zaytsev, Christian A. von Hagen, Meike E. Arnold, Bernard T. Golding, Rainer U. Meckenstock

Biotechnology

  • Quantitative Proteome Profiling Reveals Cellobiose-Dependent Protein Processing and Export Pathways for the Lignocellulolytic Response in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Neurospora crassa</span>
    Biotechnology
    Quantitative Proteome Profiling Reveals Cellobiose-Dependent Protein Processing and Export Pathways for the Lignocellulolytic Response in Neurospora crassa

    Lignocellulases are important industrial enzymes for sustainable production of biofuels and bio-products. Insoluble cellulose has been commonly used to induce the production of lignocellulases in filamentous fungi, which causes a difficult fermentation operation and enzyme loss due to adsorption to cellulose. The disadvantages can be overcome by using soluble inducers, such as the disaccharide cellobiose. Quantitative proteome profiling...

    Dan Liu, Yisong Liu, Duoduo Zhang, Xiaoting Chen, Qian Liu, Bentao Xiong, Lihui Zhang, Linfang Wei, Yifan Wang, Hao Fang, Johannes Liesche, Yahong Wei, N. Louise Glass, Zhiqi Hao, Shaolin Chen
  • Nisin M: a Bioengineered Nisin A Variant That Retains Full Induction Capacity but Has Significantly Reduced Antimicrobial Activity
    Biotechnology | Spotlight
    Nisin M: a Bioengineered Nisin A Variant That Retains Full Induction Capacity but Has Significantly Reduced Antimicrobial Activity

    This study describes the generation of a nisin variant with superior characteristics for use in the NICE protein expression system. The variant, termed nisin M, retains an induction capacity comparable to that of wild-type nisin A but exhibits significantly reduced antimicrobial activity and can therefore be used at concentrations that are normally toxic to the expression host.

    Michelle O’ Connor, Des Field, Aoife Grainger, Paula M. O’ Connor, Lorraine Draper, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill

Environmental Microbiology

  • A Sulfoglycolytic Entner-Doudoroff Pathway in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Rhizobium leguminosarum</span> bv. trifolii SRDI565
    Environmental Microbiology
    A Sulfoglycolytic Entner-Doudoroff Pathway in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii SRDI565

    Sulfonate sulfur is a major form of organic sulfur in soils but requires biomineralization before it can be utilized by plants. Very little is known about the biochemical processes used to mobilize sulfonate sulfur. We show that a rhizobial isolate from soil, Rhizobium leguminosarum SRDI565, possesses the ability to degrade the abundant phototroph-derived carbohydrate...

    Jinling Li, Ruwan Epa, Nichollas E. Scott, Dominik Skoneczny, Mahima Sharma, Alexander J. D. Snow, James P. Lingford, Ethan D. Goddard-Borger, Gideon J. Davies, Malcolm J. McConville, Spencer J. Williams
  • Global Regulator of Rubber Degradation in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Gordonia polyisoprenivorans</span> VH2: Identification and Involvement in the Regulation Network
    Environmental Microbiology
    Global Regulator of Rubber Degradation in Gordonia polyisoprenivorans VH2: Identification and Involvement in the Regulation Network

    In order to develop efficient microbial recycling strategies for rubber waste materials, it is required that we understand the degradation pathway of the polymer and how it is regulated. However, only little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the rubber degradation pathway, which seems to be upregulated in the presence of the polymer. We identified a novel key regulator of rubber degradation (CRPVH2) that...

    Jan de Witt, Sylvia Oetermann, Mariana Parise, Doglas Parise, Jan Baumbach, Alexander Steinbüchel

Enzymology and Protein Engineering

  • An 1,4-α-Glucosyltransferase Defines a New Maltodextrin Catabolism Scheme in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Lactobacillus acidophilus</span>
    Enzymology and Protein Engineering
    An 1,4-α-Glucosyltransferase Defines a New Maltodextrin Catabolism Scheme in Lactobacillus acidophilus

    The degradation of starch in the small intestine generates short linear and branched α-glucans. The latter are poorly digestible by humans, rendering them available to the gut microbiota, e.g., lactobacilli adapted to the small intestine and considered beneficial to health. This study unveils a previously unknown scheme of maltooligosaccharide (MOS) catabolism via the concerted activity of an 1,4-α-glucosyltransferase together with a...

    Susan Andersen, Marie S. Møller, Jens-Christian N. Poulsen, Michael J. Pichler, Birte Svensson, Leila Lo Leggio, Yong Jun Goh, Maher Abou Hachem

Food Microbiology

  • Open Access
    Microorganisms Move a Short Distance into an Almond Orchard from an Adjacent Upwind Poultry Operation
    Food Microbiology
    Microorganisms Move a Short Distance into an Almond Orchard from an Adjacent Upwind Poultry Operation

    The movement of microorganisms, including foodborne pathogens, from animal operations into adjacent plant crop-growing environments is not well characterized. This study provides evidence that dust and bioaerosols moved from a commercial poultry operation a short distance downwind into an almond orchard and altered the microbiome recovered from the leaves. These data provide growers with information they can use to assess food safety...

    Christopher G. Theofel, Thomas R. Williams, Eduardo Gutierrez, Gordon R. Davidson, Michele Jay-Russell, Linda J. Harris
  • Antibiofilm Activity of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Lactobacillus plantarum</span> 12 Exopolysaccharides against <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-2">Shigella flexneri</span>
    Food Microbiology
    Antibiofilm Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum 12 Exopolysaccharides against Shigella flexneri

    S. flexneri is a widespread foodborne pathogen causing food contamination and responsible for food poisoning outbreaks related to various foods in developing countries. Not only has biofilm formation by S. flexneri been difficult to eliminate, but it has also increased the drug resistance of the...

    Yinglong Song, Mengying Sun, Lu Feng, Xue Liang, Xing Song, Guangqing Mu, Yanfeng Tuo, Shujuan Jiang, Fang Qian

Geomicrobiology

  • Genome-Resolved Metagenomics and Detailed Geochemical Speciation Analyses Yield New Insights into Microbial Mercury Cycling in Geothermal Springs
    Geomicrobiology | Spotlight
    Genome-Resolved Metagenomics and Detailed Geochemical Speciation Analyses Yield New Insights into Microbial Mercury Cycling in Geothermal Springs

    Little is currently known about biogeochemical mercury cycling in geothermal systems. The manuscript presents a new conceptual model, supported by genome-resolved metagenomic analysis and detailed geochemical measurements. The model illustrates environmental factors that influence mercury cycling in acidic springs, including transitions between solid (mineral) and aqueous phases of mercury, as well as the interconnections among mercury...

    Caitlin M. Gionfriddo, Matthew B. Stott, Jean F. Power, Jacob M. Ogorek, David P. Krabbenhoft, Ryan Wick, Kathryn Holt, Lin-Xing Chen, Brian C. Thomas, Jillian F. Banfield, John W. Moreau
  • Protective Role of Bacterial Alkanesulfonate Monooxygenase under Oxidative Stress
    Geomicrobiology
    Protective Role of Bacterial Alkanesulfonate Monooxygenase under Oxidative Stress

    ssuD and tauD, which play a role in the degradation of organosulfonate, were expressed during n-hexadecane metabolism and oxidative stress conditions in A. oleivorans DR1. Our study confirmed that hexadecanesulfonate was accidentally generated during bacterial n-hexadecane degradation in sulfate-limited conditions. Removal of this...

    Chulwoo Park, Bora Shin, Woojun Park

Physiology

  • Open Access
    Contribution of Complex I NADH Dehydrogenase to Respiratory Energy Coupling in Glucose-Grown Cultures of <em>Ogataea parapolymorpha</em>
    Physiology
    Contribution of Complex I NADH Dehydrogenase to Respiratory Energy Coupling in Glucose-Grown Cultures of Ogataea parapolymorpha

    Since popular microbial cell factories have typically not been selected for efficient respiratory energy coupling, their ATP yields from sugar catabolism are often suboptimal. In aerobic industrial processes, suboptimal energy coupling results in reduced product yields on sugar, increased process costs for oxygen transfer, and volumetric productivity limitations due to limitations in gas transfer and cooling. This study provides...

    Hannes Juergens, Xavier D. V. Hakkaart, Jildau E. Bras, André Vente, Liang Wu, Kirsten R. Benjamin, Jack T. Pronk, Pascale Daran-Lapujade, Robert Mans

Plant Microbiology

  • CheY1 and CheY2 of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Azorhizobium caulinodans</span> ORS571 Regulate Chemotaxis and Competitive Colonization with the Host Plant
    Plant Microbiology
    CheY1 and CheY2 of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 Regulate Chemotaxis and Competitive Colonization with the Host Plant

    Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 is a motile soil bacterium that has the dual capacity to fix nitrogen both under free-living conditions and in symbiosis with Sesbania rostrata, forming nitrogen-fixing root and stem nodules. Bacterial chemotaxis to chemoattractants derived from host roots promotes...

    Wei Liu, Xue Bai, Yan Li, Jun Min, Yachao Kong, Xiaoke Hu
  • Specific Root Exudate Compounds Sensed by Dedicated Chemoreceptors Shape <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Azospirillum brasilense</span> Chemotaxis in the Rhizosphere
    Plant Microbiology | Spotlight
    Specific Root Exudate Compounds Sensed by Dedicated Chemoreceptors Shape Azospirillum brasilense Chemotaxis in the Rhizosphere

    Plant root exudates play critical roles in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, and the ability of motile bacteria to respond to these gradients mediates competitive colonization of root surfaces. Root exudates are complex chemical mixtures that are spatially and temporally dynamic. Identifying the exact chemical(s) that mediates the recruitment of soil bacteria to specific regions of the roots is thus challenging. Here, we...

    Lindsey O’Neal, Lam Vo, Gladys Alexandre

Public and Environmental Health Microbiology

  • Open Access
    SpoVG Modulates Cell Aggregation in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> by Regulating <em>sasC</em> Expression and Extracellular DNA Release
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
    SpoVG Modulates Cell Aggregation in Staphylococcus aureus by Regulating sasC Expression and Extracellular DNA Release

    This study revealed that SpoVG can modulate cell aggregation by repressing sasC expression and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the potential linkage between cell aggregation and antibiotic resistance. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of SpoVG involved in cell aggregation and in biofilm development and formation in...

    Qing Zhu, Banghui Liu, Baolin Sun
  • Environmental Surveillance Complements Case-Based Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Polio Endgame Strategy 2019–2023
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology | Spotlight
    Environmental Surveillance Complements Case-Based Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Polio Endgame Strategy 2019–2023

    Interrupting wild poliovirus transmission and stopping circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks have been proposed as two global goals by the World Health Organization in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). This analysis, based on the 28-year acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and 8-year environmental surveillance, provides continued high-quality surveillance performance in achieving the GPEI and...

    Peng Chen, Yao Liu, Haiyan Wang, Guifang Liu, Xiaojuan Lin, Weiyan Zhang, Feng Ji, Qing Xu, Zexin Tao, Aiqiang Xu
  • Prevalence of Cefotaxime-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Escherichia coli</span> Isolates from Healthy Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain: Phenotypic and Genome-Based Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
    Prevalence of Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain: Phenotypic and Genome-Based Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility

    Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing E. coli isolates have emerged in recent years as some of the fastest spreading antimicrobial resistance determinants in humans and food-producing animals, becoming a concern for animal and public health. This study provided insight into the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant...

    Maitane Tello, Medelin Ocejo, Beatriz Oporto, Ana Hurtado

Author Correction

  • Free
    Correction for Maisuria et al., “Polyphenolic Extract from Maple Syrup Potentiates Antibiotic Susceptibility and Reduces Biofilm Formation of Pathogenic Bacteria”
    Author Correction
    Correction for Maisuria et al., “Polyphenolic Extract from Maple Syrup Potentiates Antibiotic Susceptibility and Reduces Biofilm Formation of Pathogenic Bacteria”
    Vimal B. Maisuria, Zeinab Hosseinidoust, Nathalie Tufenkji

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology: 86 (15)

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volume 86, issue 15
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  • Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soils of Switchgrass Harvested for Bioenergy
  • Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation
  • Following Coffee Production from Cherries to Cup: Microbiological and Metabolomic Analysis of Wet Processing of Coffea arabica
  • Airborne Disinfection by Dry Fogging Efficiently Inactivates Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Mycobacteria, and Bacterial Spores and Shows Limitations of Commercial Spore Carriers
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